: ‘Sympatric Speciation’ Essay, Research Paper
Despite the title of Charles Darwin’s most famous work, the mechanisms whereby species originate are poorly known. The textbook view is that populations of a species become physically separated, so that individuals are denied the opportunity of interbreeding. Over time, the genetic idiosyncrasies of each population will increase until they become separate species. However, it is increasingly clear that many species diverge from parent populations without any kind of intervening barrier. Understanding how this ’sympatric speciation’ works is an abiding challenge for evolutionary theorists. Two models of sympatric speciation appear in this week’s issue.
In very simple models, it is easy to produce separate species if fitness and mate choice are determined by the same, or linked, genetic loci. This leads to selection for distinct forms, or phenotypes, with the rapid extinction of intermediates. However, this may not be a very realistic simulation. On p351, Alexey S. Kondrashov of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, and Fyodor A. Kondrashov of Simon’s Rock College, Great Barrington, Massachusetts show that sympatric speciation should still be possible even if the loci for fitness and mate choice vary separately. In these circumstances, the increase in the number of variable genetic loci affecting fitness facilitates sympatric speciation, whereas the increase in those influencing mate choice has the opposite effect. These predictions could be used to identify real-life cases of sympatric speciation.
Ulf Dieckmann and Michael Doebeli of the Institute of Systems Analysis, Laxenberg, Austria, and the University of Basel, Switzerland, tackle the same issue in a separate report on p354. They show that sympatric speciation is a likely outcome of competition for resources. Their model describes assortative mating (in which individuals tend to choose mates that look more like themselves) dependent on either an ecological character affecting resource use, or on a selectively neutral trait. In both cases, the evolution of assortative mating often leads to reproductive isolation between ecologically diverging subpopulations.
Tom Tregenza and Roger K. Butlin of the University of Leeds, UK, discuss the research in an accompanying News and Views article.
Другие работы по теме:
Theory Of Evolution Essay Research Paper I
Theory Of Evolution Essay, Research Paper I have always believed that it can take one person to get the ball rolling, but it takes a group to make an impact. Therefore, the concept of evolution via natural selection was a group effort.
2Nd Law Of Thermodynamics Vs E Essay
, Research Paper Second Law of Thermodynamics vs. Evolution According to the second law of thermodynamics, when energy is converted from one form to another, the amount of useful energy decreases. In relation to the theory of evolution, this law is not contradictory. The second law of thermodynamics is not relating to energy within living things because living things retain energy from the sun.
The Selfish Gene Essay Research Paper Creationism
The Selfish Gene Essay, Research Paper Creationism is a Bible based view of human origin that states humans were created in their current form and have not changed, or evolved, throughout the years. However the belief that our species has changed over time to suit our environment is considered evolution.
Evolution Is Schools Essay Research Paper Position
Evolution Is Schools Essay, Research Paper Position on Evolution In 1925, schools had a very standard and general curriculum. Much of this curriculum was based on Christian beliefs and morals. No one dreamed of challenging these values. Especially in the school classroom, where budding minds strived for new knowledge, and any new ideas could possibly spark secular beliefs totally contradictory to what was taught in Christian households.
Biogeography Essay Research Paper bBiogeographyAfter reading the
Biogeography Essay, Research Paper bBiogeography After reading the text on David Quammen?s voyage through many different islands of the world, I was hit with a certain impression of the world. The first thing that amazed me about how David Quammen wrote the book is that, within a few chapters I felt that the timeline of the creation of earth and suddenly shrunk immensely.
Slavery And Evolution Of The Cherokee Essay
, Research Paper ENC3240 A Review of Slavery and Evolution of the Cherokee Society 1540-1866 by Theda Perdue In this well-written book by Theda Perdue, he discloses much of the history of slavery among the Cherokee people and their evolution during this 326 year period. He begins with their abduction by the Spanish.
Evolution Of A Soldier Essay Research Paper
Henry Becomes A Man In the book The Red Badge of Courage, Henry changes in many ways as a soldier. In the beginning of the story he is scared of battle and runs, yet by the end of the book he is a true soldier. Many important events shape Henry s evolution into a veteran soldier. Many of Henry s own glorified notions of war are what make him so wary and unsure of himself.
Buddhism Essay Research Paper The idea of
Buddhism Essay, Research Paper The idea of evolution by Darwin indicated that the world is not created by God, but through some kind of modification. This controversial idea is strongly objected by most of the religions, such as Catholic, Christian, and Islam etc. These religions sturdily believe that God is the creator of the world, the creator of everything.
Social Evolution Essay Research Paper Herbert Spencer
Social Evolution Essay, Research Paper Herbert Spencer and Franz Boaz had two opposing theories on the social evolution theory. Each theory was difficult to prove but great theories. But both theories had it s ups and downs . Herbert Spencer was born in England, he is best known for developing and applying the evolutionary theory to philosophy and psychology.
Creation Or Evolution Essay Research Paper How
Creation Or Evolution? Essay, Research Paper How was the earth created? This is a question that has puzzled humans for ages. There are two main theories that explain how the earth was formed. These are the theories of evolution and creation. The
Creation Or Evolution Essay Research Paper Creation
Creation Or Evolution Essay, Research Paper Creation or Evolution? Where did we come from? Did God create our incredible world in six days, and do we all descend from Adam and Eve? Or was the universe created billions of years ago, possibly by a “Big Bang”, with all living things evolving from a single organism? These questions have been debated for hundreds, if not thousands, of years, and there is still no answer that satisfies everyone.
Life In The Universe Essay Research Paper
In the selection I have chosen Chapter 6 of Life in the Universe; The Evolution of Life on Earth begins with the theories of Darwin and natural selection and how survival of the fittest was one of the main theories of evolution of life of an organism. Although it is a good theory, and has been tested through years it is not one of the main priorities of evolution.
Summary Of Origin Of Life Essay Research
Paper While it is key to the study of evolution to develop a theory to explain how species can change over time, it must also be supported by evidence from the scientific study of the natural world. One of the difficulties faced by many theories, such as Lamarck s, was a lack of such evidence. Even Darwin’s theory, which is the most widely accepted today, had to be proved with scientific advances and fossil evidence in the scientific community.
Genetic Engineering Essay Research Paper It is
Genetic Engineering Essay, Research Paper It is a well-known fact that drugs and alcohol can damage the fetus. The drugs may damage chromosomes in the fetus, which may develop into a deformity, mental problems, or even addiction to the drug. It is also
Creation Essay Research Paper Creation or EvolutionDuane
Creation Essay, Research Paper Creation or Evolution? Duane T. Gish has been one of the few people I have read on, that gives sensible reactions against the theories of both creation and evolution. In his writing Creationist Science and Education , it might be a little obvious he goes off better with creation, but he never tries to persuade the readers to follow his choice.
Creation Vs Evolution Essay Research Paper OutlineTitle
Creation Vs. Evolution Essay, Research Paper Outline Title: Creation vs. Evolution or Scientific Creation Thesis: Creation vs. Evolution has been a hot topic with society for centuries. Just recently, in the mid-1980?s an new kid came on the block, Scientific Creation.
Bible Versus Evolution Essay Research Paper
“All of you know what I stand for – what I believe! I believe in the truth of the Book of Genesis! Exodus! Leviticus! Numbers! Deuteronomy! Joshua! Judges! Ruth! First Samuel! Second Samuel! First Kings! Second Kings! Isaiah! Jerimiah! Lamentations! Ezeikiel …” This is the near manical cry of the character Matthew Harrison Brady in Inherit the Wind.
Creation Or Evolution Essay Research Paper EVOLUTION
Creation Or Evolution? Essay, Research Paper EVOLUTION OR CREATION? In a coherent world like ours people are questioning their religion and not knowing whether to believe in creation by God or evolution, Through out my research I have found four possible answers to this question to incorporate both theories .
Creation Vs Evolution Essay Research Paper Creation
Creation Vs Evolution Essay, Research Paper Creation vs evolution, was man created be an almighty god, or is he simply a product of modern science. This question has puzzled scholarly minds for many years and yet will for many to come. The one that makes the most sense to me and has the most supporting evidence, is evolution.
Evolution Essay Research Paper Evolution The process
Evolution Essay, Research Paper Evolution The process by which all living things have developed from primitive life forms through changes occurring over billions of years is evolution. All living things arose through a long history of changes formed by physical and chemical processes that are still taking place.
Evolution Of Frankenstein Essay Research Paper Frankenstein
Evolution Of Frankenstein Essay, Research Paper Frankenstein s Evolution In the novel, Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, the major character, Victor Frankenstein, evolves synonymously with the character of his monster. The evolution of Victor from a man of good to a man of evil leads to his isolation and eventual destruction.
Is Evolution A Fact Or A Theory
? Essay, Research Paper Is Evolution a Fact or a Theory? Both. In Darwin’s day, and before, many naturalists theorized that living things were somehow related in a manner beyond that of their obvious common differences from non-living matter. These speculations, including those of Darwin, are appropriately termed theories: speculations about nature that were informed by observation and subject to test by additional observations.
Darwins Theory On Evolution Essay Research Paper
Discuss Evolution Theory according to Darwin In 1838, Charles Darwin put together his Theory on Evolution. Darwin tried to prove his theory that man was the center of the world and not God. He believed that evolution was gradual on both humans and on organisms. Darwin believed in something called natural selection; meaning genes are to be passed on from one generation to the next.
Evolution Essay Research Paper Evolution vs CreationEvolution
Evolution Essay, Research Paper Evolution vs. Creation Evolution versus Creationism is a hot topic that is in constant debate among scientists and Christians. Held in high regard to the world of science, Evolution, is the theory that groups of organisms change with passage of time, mainly as a result of natural selection, so that descendants differ morphologically and physiologically from their ancestors.
Evolution Of Modern Atom Essay Research Paper
The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere. A sphere that is filled with positive electronic field and contains tiny particles that has a negative charge.
The Evolution Essay Research Paper The EvolutionIn
The Evolution Essay, Research Paper The Evolution In nature evolution occurs throughout various different things. Also evolution occurs in technology. Take for instance, ATM was an evolution of frame relay, and frame relay was an evolution of packet switching. Evolution happens everywhere but in technology it happens all the time.
Evolution Essay Research Paper 1a The
Evolution Essay, Research Paper 1)a. The first stated that sedimentary rocks are laid down in a horizontal manner, and the second stated that younger rock units were deposited on top of older rock units.
On The Theory Of Evolution Essay Research
Paper On the Theory of EvolutionWhether it is Lamarck+s theory that evolution is driven by an innate tendency towards greater complexity, Darwin+s theory of natural selection, or the belief that the evolution of plant and animal life is controlled by a higher being, the process of evolution cannot be denied.