At The Congress Of Vienna Essay, Research Paper
The Congress of Vienna was conducted with the aim of reestablishing the territorial divisions of Europe at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. This in turn lead achieving a balance of power among the countries of Europe, which brought peace and order to Europe. To accomplish this diplomacy, the principle of a just equilibrium was adopted and the redrawing of boundaries of Europe to control the expansion of France was made. However, the objectives were achieved to a limited extent since countries self-interest affected the settlement of boundaries in Europe.
Each Great Power, Britain, France, Russia, Prussia, and Austria came to the Congress of Vienna with a preset idea of what each of their own countries were to achieve. Lord Casthereagh represented Britain at the Congress, adopted the idea of a just equilibrium from William Pitt. Casthereagh believed that the redrawing of country s boundaries in Europe should reflect equality in terms of size and quantity of land, when compared to the other powers. Thus, the term just meant fairness and equilibrium meant the common point of intersection in which all the powers were equal in territorial land. However, Britain s self-interests got in the way of this idea. Castlereagh believed the first settlement of Europe should not threaten Britain s enormous and vulnerable empire, and which whom international trade could be pursued without hindrance, as an increasingly industrialized country had to live. Thus, Britain focused on their naval supremacy to get this result. She obtained the Dutch colony of the Cape of Good Hope and Ceylon for eastern trade routes, Malta and the Ionian Islands for control of the Mediterranean, Holigoland for the control of the North Sea, and Trinidad to maintain trade within South America. Of these, the strategic islands were worth the most in terms of value, trade, and control of the waterways. British merchants in South America persuaded Castlereagh not to give places like Demerara to the Netherlands since 15 million had been invested into these places. Thus, taking this into account, they kept these places, forming British Guiana. To maintain the idea of a just equilibrium Casthereagh gave up some territories to display to the other powers that they were not gaining these islands for self-interest. He even wrote that it was not the business of England to collect trophies, but to restore Europe to peaceful habits. In regard to the 18th century diplomacy and just equilibrium Britain compromised on the same territories. This is why Britain and France did not come into conflict in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815 despite there have being self-interests in certain territories.
The Czar Alexander I represented Russia at the Congress of Vienna. He regarded himself as the sole individual of his state and deviser of his policy. People had hoped that he would consider the aims and interests of the people of Europe, and be less concerned with his country s territorial gains. This did not happen. Russia was so firm on attaining Poland, that Alexander had a 600 000 men army out of 1 000 000 situated in Poland. The other Great Powers did not want to be undermined by letting Russia attain all of Poland because they would potentially be a threat to the rest of Europe. With Britain having a strong navy, and France having the next best land army to Russia s, a Third Alliance was formed and prevented Russia from taking Poland. As a compromise, Poland was subdivided and Russia received the part of the Poland, which came to be Congress Poland. Despite Russia having wanted Poland, the other peacemakers at Vienna looked out for the interests of Europe and insured that Russia would not become too powerful and influential.
Chancellor Metternich represented Austria at the Congress of Vienna. In the interests of Austria, Metternich was bossy and domineering during territorial decisions at the Congress. Austria knew their power was slipping and that they were regarded by the other peacemakers as a power unlikely to remain a leading power. Austria was also remembered by the other powers as the country that had not taken a leading part in overthrowing Napoleon s empire. Thus Metternich strived at the congress of a central European power base controlled by Austria. He insisted that Austria have control of the Italian states so that Habsburg power remains influential over Europe and that peace and a good government in the peninsula would not occur without this. Regarding their self-interests, Austria wanted control of the German confederation. When the boundaries were settled, Austria was upset that she had to share the Confederation with Prussia. Thus she demanded that she be compensated for her inferiority to Germany by being awarded territories in Northern Italy. Austria was more concerned with maintaining her own power than trying to bring peace to Europe.
Prussia at the Congress was less concerned with territorial gains, but with regaining her power and prestige that she had lost at Jena in 1806 in a battle against France. Though Prussia had made a remarkable recovery from this defeat, she was still regarded as a weak state. The final settlement at the Congress of Vienna allotted the territory Posen and Thorn to Prussia. This was a successful gain for Prussia because Posen and Thorn were the best agriculture and farming land. It was three-fifths of Saxony; Swedish Pomerania, the Rhinelands and Saar. Also two-thirds of the population was located in this area. Prussia was more intent on compromising than trying to attain land, and so as a result, she did follow the aims of the peacemakers by attempting to reestablish a balance of power among the countries of Europe.
Talleyrand, who represented France, tried to appease the powers. He also tried to prove to the Great Powers that Louis XVIII could be trusted and should therefore be restored to the French throne. To have this done, Talleyrand created the Sacred Act of Legitimacy, which stated that rightful rulers should be restored to their legitimate thrones. The peacemakers agreed to this Act since Napoleon had left Europe in shambles, with some areas having no ruler. Thus, the rulers were restored to their thrones throughout Europe, in attempts to maintain peace and control of states. Despite Talleyrand wanting to gain back some areas France had lost, he compromised with the other powers in order to reach the settlement of Europe.
The peacemakers together agreed on one thing– France s empire had to be contained. They regarded France as a country that had aims since the 17th century, which caused her to be in a continual aggression of wars. To insure that there was peace in Europe, buffer states were created. These states were set up around France to control the Empire. The Kingdom of Piedmont and Sardinia was created, Prussia s borders were extended towards France to give her control of the Rhine and the Kingdom of Netherlands joined the Belgians and Dutch together. Austria was awarded Northern Italian states so that there would be some Habsburg influence over the French Bourbon monarchy, but also to insure that France would be unchanged.
Despite the selfishness of each country have affected each representative at the Congress of Vienna, the peacemakers overcome this barrier and determined the settlement of Europe in the interest of Europe. The Treaty of Vienna in 1815 kept this balance of power which allowed the peace and order in Europe to remain undisturbed for at least 40 years.
Другие работы по теме:
Choosing a Career
Choosing a career is like any other activity; it is best to work to a plan. Too many people start looking for a specific job before thinking out their occupational aims.
Aims Of Germany And Japan Essay Research
Paper The Aims of Germany and Japan The 1930s were a tumultuous time. After World War I, the Allied powers seemed determined to preserve peace, but Germany and Japan held a shared
Roman Aims Essay Research Paper
Simialr misunderstanding of roman aims ? doubtful late antiquity wanted to extend control far beyond Tigris as would have doe in 298/99? 0 Julian?s expedition should not be seen as an attempt to conquer
Aims Essay Research Paper
Dearth contemporary sources, mainly Romans ones, require careful evaluation,. ? Dio says that ?threatening to recover everything which the Persians of old once used to
Men Essay Research Paper Experiment Aims to
Men Essay, Research Paper Experiment Aims to Get Real Men to Go to the Doctor This article from the New York Times explains men not admitting their sick or hurt. The men which were tested in this article men would ignore their aches and pains, mental and physical, until it is too late. I think that it is true that some men are afraid to look ?wimpy? or be called.
Lysistrata Essay Research Paper Lysistrata is a
Lysistrata Essay, Research Paper Lysistrata is a play written in 411 BC by Aristophanes. At that time in Greek history, the city-states were constantly warring with one another. Consequently, the women were left at home. One woman, Lysistrata, was so fed up with the fighting that she called all of the women of Greece to a meeting.
Rating system in Russia
One of the main aims of making up the is revealing of the most popular topics and genres. The second aim is to find out what actors are the most popular with spectators. It is necessary for successful development of cinema industry in our country.
Stereotypes At Center Grove High Essay Research
Paper Stereotypes at Center Grove High Throughout life we see different types and groups of people. Everyone goes through, or is depicted in some kind of stereotype. There are three main stereotypes at Center Grove High School: preps, gangsters, and alternatives. There are Characteristics why a person may fall into one of these groups.
Francis Ford Coppola A Filmma Essay Research
Paper In Francis Ford Coppola: A Filmmaker s Life, Michael Schumacher aims to provide a wealth of details about all aspects of the creation of most of Coppola’s films. In detail, Schumacher works on Dementia 13 through John Grisham’s The Rainmaker, charting Coppola’s techniques with actors and crew, the integration of his family into the work, and his well-publicized battles with Hollywood executives.
Was Machiavelli Satan Essay Research Paper The
Was Machiavelli Satan? Essay, Research Paper The Church accused Niccolo Machiavelli of being Satan for writing his book The Prince. Machiavelli completed The Prince in 1513. He wrote it as a gift to Lorenzo Medici, called the Magnificent, ruler of Florence. The political views Machiavelli expressed in his book went against the theology of the Church, specifically the Ten Commandments and the Beatitudes.
AIDSIs There A Cure Are There Preventions
? Essay, Research Paper AIDS:Is There a Cure? Are There Preventions? What is AIDS? How do you cure it? Find out by reading this report on cures and preventions for the AIDS virus. In this report some of the topics
African American Studies Essay Research Paper Ryan
African American Studies Essay, Research Paper Ryan Bradley3/1/00 As African Americans become equal citizens in America they need to establish their own aims and ideas as people. African Americans must do
The Forms And Limits Of Adjudication Essay
, Research Paper Adjudication is the process of judgement within the government as well as within relations in common society. Any person who stands to judge an action of another person is participating in adjudication. Creating social order if the defining principles of adjudication, The The relation of men to regulate one another.
Sermon On The Mount Prep Essay Research
Paper The Sermon on the Mount Prep1) Describe the teaching of Jesus in the sermon on the mount about judgement and forgiveness.? (8)Jesus explained that there were more than
Choice Of Frontier Lines Essay Research Paper
Unlikely frontiers by choice, no decision to halt.? Governor who wanted to earn respect by expanding his province ?frontiers congealed around the orders of the empire: they arose by default? ?
To What Extent Does The Foreign Policy
Of James I Deserve A Better Press Than It Has Usually Receive Essay, Research Paper ??????????????????????? James? foreign policy was criticised by many but it was best for the country at the time especially with the limited
Life Did Get Better For Many Americans
In The 1930s. How Far Was Roosevelt Responsible For This? Essay, Research Paper Roosevelt and his New Deal pioneered the American recovery programme, however there were a number of other factors which contributed towards improving life for the American people. When Roosevelt came into power he had four main aims, get Americans back to work, protect their savings and property, providing relief for the sick, old and unemployed and get American industry and agriculture back on their feet.
Sinners In The HAnds Of An Angry
God Essay, Research Paper The passages given from the Edwards? ?Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God? and the opening sentence of the Declaration both include many points such as the tone, diction, and syntax. The points shown throughout each sentence aims for the intent of obtaining the attention of the audience.
Abraham Lincoln 2 Essay Research Paper Abraham
Abraham Lincoln 2 Essay, Research Paper Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln: a true American that made the United States a more unified nation, and a more peaceful place to be. Lincoln was a man of great wisdom and determination, and these traits are what made him into one of the greatest peacemakers of the time.
Aids Action Essay Research Paper Interest Group
Aids Action Essay, Research Paper Interest Group: Aids Action 1. Size- Is this a national, regional, or local interest group? Membership- How many people are members at national and local levels?
The Period Of Lenins Rule 191724 Essay
, Research Paper Lenin?s long term aims: Create a communist state w/ state control of industry & trade. Nationalization of land Ending of class barriers and the establishment of a republic of workers, peasants, and soldiers deputies with a gradual transition to socialism and the ‘withering away of the state’ He was willing to adapt these goals b/c: Inside Russia the Bolsheviks had only minority support Outside Russia revolution in advanced industrial states had not undergone revolution and the transition w/in Russia from revolution to socialism would therefore be hard and long.
People And Territory Essay Research Paper
Did territoria motives determine war aims and we boundary lines choosen in accordance with strategic considerations? ? Claims in those days about decent border ? Vespasian ?scientific frontier, depth of territory.? Apparently Severus claimed this ? but sees
The Effects Of Talk Show Viewing Essay
, Research Paper The article aims to assess whether data is consistent with critics? claims on the effects of talk show viewing on the social reality beliefs of adolescents. Critics hypothesize the following negative effects occur (on adolescents) as a result of talk-show viewing: 1) a incessant focus on bizarre behavior and social deviance leading viewers to accept distorted versions of reality, 2) desensitization to the suffering of others occurs due to (regular) viewer immunity to graphic discussions and guest outbursts, 3) the trivialization of important social issues due to the oversimplification of difficult issues.
IRA Is Force Justified Essay Research
Paper The Irish Republican Army is not justified in using force to achieve its aims because the Irish Republican Army (IRA) represents the minority of the population in Northern Ireland. The IRA also is not justified in using force because using force does not work and it turns their supporters against them.
Bismarck VS Cavour Essay Research Paper Germany
Bismarck VS Cavour Essay, Research Paper Germany and Italy had to face many problems in order to establish their respective unification. One of Prussia’s main concern was the fear of nearby
Prop 21 Essay Research Paper Prop 21Education
Prop 21 Essay, Research Paper Prop 21 Education is the best part of life. Education can evolve you into a better person. Education can prevent you from committing crimes and will lead you to a prosperous life. Proposition 21; The Gang Violence and Juvenile Crime Prevention Act aims to incarcerate disturbed youth rather then educate them.
One Hundred Years Of Solitude Is Often
Refered To As An Unforgettable Novel, Do You Agree Essay, Research Paper One of the stated aims of M rquez, as he said it, was to tell a story just like my grandmother would have done it . With the result in hand the conclusion must be that he has done it quite well. M rquez has managed to capture the vivid language of story telling as well as having the story moving both ” forward and sideways”.
The Ua
&P Hallmark Essay, Research Paper “The UA&P Hallmark Programs” Last September 22, 2000 was the People Development Day of the University of Asia and the Pacific (UA&P). It was highlighted with a program that became a gathering of the high ranking personalities the university has like the UA&P president, Dr.
Mr Essay Research Paper An investigation into
Mr Essay, Research Paper An investigation into Hotel Users expectations of The Best Hotel Chain 1. Aims and Objectives 1. To examine what the expectations of hotel users are of The Best Hotel Chain.
Progressivism Essay Research Paper US History
Progressivism Essay, Research Paper U.S. History Progressivism The period of time between the Spanish-American War and World War I is known as the Progressive Era. It was a period marked by idealism, reform, and significant
Social Realism Essay Research Paper Social Realism
Social Realism Essay, Research Paper Social Realism In Art Social realism, in art, describes both a specific stylistic approach and an overall attitude toward the subject. Social realism aims toward the not so lovely part of life. Its goal is not to amuse but to show the observer the evils of poverty , immorality and war.
Siddhartha By Herman Hesse Essay Research Paper
In Herman Hesse?s Siddhartha, Unity is a reflecting theme of this novel and in life. Unity is ?the state of being one or a unit; harmony, agreement in feelings or ideas or aims, etc.? Unity is first introduced by means of the river and by the mystical word ?Om.? Direct commentary from Siddhartha and the narrator also introduces the theme.