Байкова Полина. Школа №35, Астрахань, Астраханская область, Россия
Society and therefore a way of life of modern people is changing so fast that they don`t have time to adapt to these changes.The events happen so rapidly that we are not able to follow all the new information about the society and the life around us.There are even a lot of new diseases which are considered to be social. Social diseases can be divided into two groups. The first group includes illnesses connected with the problems of the body (such as AIDS, tuberculosis) and can be treated by doctors.Other group of social diseases is connected with the disorders of mentality. These diseases are represented by different addictions as alcohol addiction, drugaddiction, shopping addiction, internet addiction, eating disorders and gambling. Sometimes the term “addiction” is considered as the synonym of the term "dependence".
Among the above mentioned addictions extremely “modern” is the internet addiction. Information plays an important role for a person. Especially nowadays. The computer and the Internet are the powerful tool of information processing and information interchange, besides, thanks to the computer various types of information are accessible. The problem of the Internet addiction became apparent with the Internet popularity increasing. Some people became dependent on the virtual space so much that they started to spend more time in the Internet than in real life.Sharp restriction of the Internet usage causes alarm and emotional excitation of such people. Psychiatrists see similarity of such dependence with the overindulgence, for example, gambling..
Gambling addiction is one of the widespread addictions among all age groups. Recently the problem of gambling has become especially important because of great amount monetary game machines.Many foreign researchers believe that gambling is a serious social problemposing menace to a part of the population. Especially dangerous is the fact that the emotional stress is reduced during the game.
Oniomania (shopogolizm) is also one of the most dangerous addictions of our time. Especially among women all over the world (nearly 80%). This disease is spread everywhere. People suffering oniomania buy things that are not always necessary. According to scientists, this addiction is no less serious than alcohol, when people cannot live without alcohol, and then suffer from hangover. The consequences of such addiction as oniomania are: waste of money, the destruction of families, their financial well-being, numerous debts psychological disorders, aggression.
There are a lot of groups of the psychological help for people suffering from oniomania today. People can discuss in details the reasons of their depending on the shopping such as depression, misfortune, loneliness. Various trainings are also held to support the victims of oniomania.
As a rule, getting rid of addiction is not a single action but it is a process, which is often long and difficult.Although there are situations when a person gets rid of the addiction at once. Nevertheless, it happens when a person is ready for it because of the variety of life circumstances.
Общество и, следовательно, образ жизни современных людей меняется так быстро, что у них нет времени приспособиться к этим изменениям. События происходят так быстро, что мы не в состоянии следить за всей новой информацией об обществе и окружающей нас жизни. Существует много новых болезней, которые можно считать социальными. Социальные болезни можно разделить на две группы. К первой группе относятся болезни, связанные с проблемами тела (таких, как СПИД, туберкулез), и могут быть вылечены с помощью врача. Другая группа социально значимых заболеваний связано с расстройствами психики. Эти заболевания представляют различные пристрастия, как алкоголизм, наркомания, пристрастие к шопингу, интернет-зависимость, расстройства пищевого поведения и игромания. Иногда термин " склонность" рассматривается как синоним термина "зависимость".
Среди вышеупомянутых зависимостей самой «современной» является интернет-зависимость. Информация играет важную роль для человека. Особенно в наши дни. Компьютер и Интернет является мощным инструментом обработки и обмена информацией, кроме того, благодаря компьютеру доступны различные виды информации. С ростом популярности интернета проблема интернет-зависимости стала очевидной. Некоторые люди стали зависимыми от виртуального пространства настолько, что они стали проводить больше времени в Интернете, чем в реальной жизни. Резкое ограничение использования Интернета вызывает тревогу и эмоциональное возбуждение таких людей. Психиатры видят сходство такой зависимости со злоупотреблением, к примеру, азартными играми.
Зависимость от азартных игр является одной из самых распространенных зависимостей среди всех возрастных групп. В последнее время проблема азартных игр стала особенно важна из-за большого количества игровых автоматов. Многие зарубежные исследователи полагают, что азартные игры являются серьезной социальной проблемой, создающие угрозу для части населения. Особенно опасным является тот факт, что эмоциональное напряжение снижается во время игры.
Ониомания (шопоголизм) также является одним из самых опасных пристрастий нашего времени. Особенно среди женщин во всем мире (около 80%). Это заболевание распространено повсеместно. Люди, страдающие ониоманией покупают вещи, которые не всегда необходимы. По мнению ученых, эта зависимость не менее серьезна, чем алкоголь, когда люди не могут жить без алкоголя, а потом страдают от похмелья. Последствиями такой зависимости, как ониоманияявляются: трата денег, разрушение семей, их финансового благополучия, многочисленные долги, психические расстройства, агрессия.
Сегодня есть много групп психологической помощи для людей, страдающих ониоманией. Люди могут подробно обсудить причины их зависимости от шопинга, такие как депрессия, неудача, одиночество. Также проводятся различные тренинги в поддержку жертв ониомании.
Как правило, избавление от зависимости не одно действие, а процесс, который часто является долгим и трудным. Хотя есть случаи, когда человек избавляется от зависимости сразу. Однако это происходит, когда человек готов к этому из-за различных жизненных обстоятельств.
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