An early 20th-century school of painting and sculpture in which the subject matter is portrayed by geometric forms without realistic detail, stressing abstract form at the expense of other pictorial elements largely by use of intersecting often transparent cubes and cones.
Cubism, highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by the painters Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubist style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane, rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro and refuting time-honoured theories of art as the imitation of nature. Cubist painters were not bound to copying form, texture, colour, and space; instead, they presented a new reality in paintings that depicted radically fragmented objects, whose several sides were seen simultaneously.
1908; attribué parfois à une boutade de Matisse parlant d'un tableau de Braque, parfois à la critique. École de peinture, florissante de 1910 à 1930, qui se proposait de représenter les objets décomposés en éléments géométriques simples (rappelant le cube) sans restituer leur perspective. Le cubisme est surtout connu par les toiles de Picasso, de Braque, de Juan Gris.
Braque avoue «quand nous avons fait du Cubisme, nous n'avions aucune intention de faire du Cubisme, mais d'exprimer ce qui était en nous». Et Picasso s'exprime dans le même sens. Mais, si proches l'un de l'autre qu'ils aient été, si ressemblants à certains égards, ce qui les unit demeure moins important que ce qui les divise. Leurs voies s'écartent de plus en plus au fur et à mesure qu'ils feront du Cubisme une aventure personnelle. Le terme, Cubisme, étant d'ailleurs né d'une manière toute fortuite sous la plume du critique d'art de Gil Blas, Louis Vauxcelles, qui avait écrit en effet que «Braque méprise les formes, réduit tout, sites, figures et maisons romaines, à des schémas géométriques, à des cubes». Le mot avait fait fortune et, l'année suivante, les toiles présentées au Salon des Indépendants étaient définies bizarreries cubiques.
-- U. Apollonio, Matérialiser l'espace, in Braque, p. 4.
Dans le cubisme initial l'objet prédomine, puis progressivement l'analyse prend le dessus et dans la dernière phase du cubisme, en 19121913, Braque et Picasso procèdent à une synthèse de toutes les données issues de l'analyse des formes. Mais le monde extérieur n'est pas pour autant renié.
Dora Vallier, l'Art abstrait, p. 3334.
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