A few hundred years ago the main forms of transport were walking or
riding a horse, donkey, camel and elephant, depending on where you lived.
Nowadays, in most countries long journeys involve some form of
motorized transport. People today tend to travel longer distances, more often
and at much higher speeds. As a result the world has shrunk over the last
century and we now live in a global economy.
There are great advantages in this, but there is a down side too.
More travel has also resulted in noise and air pollution, increased stress and
damages to local environments and the larger ecosystem.
I am going to tell you about airplane travel. It is the fastest, to
my thinking, more convenient means of travelling, because it saves our time and
sometimes money. For instance, in the USA, if you travel from east coast to the
west by air jet, it results cheaper for you than to travel by train.
In 1903, the Wright brothers made the first controlled
machine-powered flight. It only lasted 12 seconds but changed the world
forever.
A century later, air travel is no longer a miracle; it's something,
we take for granted. One billion air passengers now fly every year — that's
equivalent to a sixth of the world's population.
Is it safety to travel by plane? Before September, 11, 2001, it used
to be a relatively safe travel.
On September, 11, terrorists attacked on America. Since then*
security at airports and in the skies has been under scrutiny. That day four
passenger planes were hijacked, more than 4, 000 people killed.
On busy summer's days, thousands planes travel through skies. To
make sure everything runs smoothly, there are air traffic control centres. In
addition, every airport has an air traffic control tower. Every square meter of
airspace is allocated to an air traffic controller. As an aircraft travels
through the air, it is monitored by the controller responsible for that sector
of airspace.
To calm fears about terrorist hijacks, airports are looking into new
technologies that reveal passengers' identities.
Previously in the US, less than 10% of luggage was screened. Under
new legislation, every item must be checked by one of three following methods:
sniffer dogs, bomb detection machines, extensive manual searches. Around the
globe, security firms are working on new devices that can detect materials such
as ceramics — which can be made into guns. One such scanning camera has been
developed in Britain. It uses thermal imaging technology originally created to
help pilots see through fog and cloud.
Самолеты
и безопасность
Несколько
сотен лет назад главным видом транспорта были ходьба пешком и езда на лошади, осле,
верблюде или слоне, все зависело от места вашего проживания.
В
настоящее время при поездках на большие расстояния используется моторизованная
транспортировка. Люди сегодня стремятся путешествовать на большие расстояния
чаще и на более высоких скоростях. В результате, в течение последнего столетия
мир стал меньше, теперь мы живем в мире глобальной экономики.
В
этом есть большие преимущества, но также и негативные стороны. Увеличение
количества поездок становится причиной шума и загрязнения воздушной окружающей
среды, увеличивается количество стрессов, повреждений окружающей среды местного
масштаба и больших экосистем.
Я
собираюсь рассказать вам о путешествии самолетом. По моему мнению, это самый
быстрый, самый удобный способ путешествия, потому что он экономит наше время, а
иногда и деньги. Например, в США, если вы путешествуете с восточного побережья
на западное на реактивном самолете, вам такое путешествие обойдется дешевле, чем
путешествовать на поезде.
В
1903 году братья Райт совершили первый управляемый полет на машине. Полет
длился всего двенадцать секунд, но он навсегда изменил мир.
Столетие
спустя, путешествие по воздуху никого уже не удивляет; мы воспринимаем это как
само собой разумеющееся. Теперь в течение года в воздух поднимаются один
миллиард человек, что эквивалентно одной шестой части всего населения.
Безопасно
ли путешествовать на самолете? Было относительно безопасно до 11 сентября 2001
года.
11
сентября террористы атаковали Америку. С тех пор безопасность в аэропортах и в
небе находится под пристальным вниманием. В тот день были угнаны четыре
пассажирских самолета, погибло более 4 тысяч человек.
Летом,
когда день переполнен работой, тысячи самолетов путешествуют по небу. Чтобы
быть уверенным, что все идет гладко, существуют диспетчерские центры по
контролю за полетами. К тому же, в каждом аэропорту есть башня авиадиспетчера.
Каждый квадратный метр пространства
локализуется
и контролируется диспетчерами. Во время своего полета авиалайнер, находясь в
определенной точке, контролируется диспетчером, отвечающим за данный участок
пространства.
Чтобы
успокоить страхи относительно террористических угонов, аэропорты делают акцент
на новых технологиях проверки личности пассажиров.
До
этого в США проверялось менее 10 % всего багажа. По новому законодательству, любая
единица багажа должна быть проверена одним из трех следующих методов: собака-ищейка,
механизм по поиску бомб, тщательный досмотр багажа. По всему земному шару фирмы,
работающие в сфере безопасности, трудятся над разработкой новых устройств, которые
могут обнаруживать такие материалы, как керамика, которая может использоваться в
производстве пистолетов. Подобного рода сканер был разработан в Великобритании.
Это технология, которая первоначально была разработана, чтобы помочь пилотам
видеть сквозь туман и облака, использует термоизображение.
Questions:
1. What was the main means of transport a few centuries ago?
2. How did travels affect ecology?
3. Is it a miracle to travel by plane today?
4. Is it safety to travel by plane?
5. How do they make sure everything runs smoothly?
6. Why are the airports looking into new technologies that reveal
passengers* identities?
7. What are the main methods of baggage checking?,
8. What are security firms working on today?
Vocabulary:
donkey — осел
camel — верблюд
to depend on — зависеть от чего-л.
to involve — вовлекать
to tend — иметь тенденцию
to shrink (past shrank, p.p. shrunk) — зд. сокращаться
advantage — преимущество
air pollution — загрязнение воздуха
to
increase — увеличивать '
damage
— повреждение, ущерб
environment
— окружающая среда
convenient
— удобный
air
jet — реактивный самолет
machine-powered
flight — управляемый полет на машине
miracle
— чудо
to
take for granted — воспринимать что-либо как само собой разумеющееся
security
— безопасность
scrutiny
— зд. находиться под пристальным контролем/ вниманием
to
hijack — угонять самолет
to
run smoothly — пройти гладко
air traffic control tower — башня авиадиспетчера
to
allocate — размещать, распределять
aircraft
— авиалайнер
to
monitor — проверять, контролировать
to
calm fears — развеять страхи
to
reveal — выявить, раскрыть
identity
— личность
to
screen — демонстрировать на экране, отображать
a
sniffer dog — собака-ищейка
thermal
imaging — термальное изображение
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
Другие работы по теме:
Bernoulli
’s Principle Essay, Research Paper Bernoulli’s Principle Daniel Bernoulli, a Swiss scientist, stated that fast moving air results in lower pressure than slow moving air. Which means high pressure air always moves towards a lower pressure area. The force of the moving air is called lift. If this principle had not been discovered, airplanes may not even be here.
Terorrism And Security Essay Research Paper The
Terorrism And Security Essay, Research Paper The government can implement many new methods to increase security, or better yet give off the image of better security which is what they have predominantly done, yet ultimately there will always be a way to bypass or come up with a new way to infiltrate that measure.
Nds Security Essay Research Paper NDS Object
Nds Security Essay, Research Paper NDS Object and Property Rights NDS security is similar in many ways the file system security. The file system security is controlled through access rights given through trustee assignments to directories and through directory and file attributes. NDS security uses an Access Control List (ACL) to give trustee assignments to objects on the NDS tree.
Private Pension Plan Essay Research Paper Private
Private Pension Plan Essay, Research Paper Private Pension System The Current Social Security system should be replaced by a mandatory Private Pension plan. There are different types of investment plans one could choose before or even after they retire. Social Security is what everyone depends on once they retire at 65.
Personal Injuries Essay Research Paper Security Committee
Personal Injuries Essay, Research Paper Security Committee Topic A: Disarmament of Paramilitary Groups in the Former Yugoslavia Argentina The Committee on Disarmament and International Security has taken upon the task of disarming paramilitary groups in Yugoslavia. It is important that we examine states’ policies toward disarmament and prevention of the proliferation of light weapons.
The Computer Age Essay Research Paper Ben
The Computer Age Essay, Research Paper Ben Purdue 8/24/01 It is my prediction that the biggest issue we will face in the coming century not only as a nation but also as a planet is finding a blind between security of protected information and freedom of information. I say this because as a computer security consultant I understand the need for security of important information, however I as a programmer I understand such issues as the battle for open source code and freedom of information as a hole.
To Kill A Mockingbird Ce Essay Research
Paper To Kill A Mockingbird CE In ‘To Kill a Mockinbird’ by Harper Lee, I believe that the title of the novel was very significant. It is significant due to the fact that the word ‘Mockingbird’ was symbolic for the innocence, security and happiness in the novel.
Weapons Of World War Ii Essay Research
Paper The tactics that were used in both wars were trenches, light flares, snipers, tanks and airplanes. Military actions designed to take control of enemy trenches were called attacks of offensives. The main objective of an attack was to break the enemy line, but an offense was an attempt to hold any positions.
Europe Essay Research Paper EuropeFrom June 31
Europe Essay, Research Paper Europe From June 31 to July 31 1997, my family went to Europe. We went on 4 airplanes the whole trip. We went to 7 countries. Now I will tell you about my trip.
The Effects Of Airplanes Essay Research Paper
John Doe The Effects of the Airplane on Modern Society The airplane’s introduction at the beginning of the twentieth century forever changed the way we would live out our lives. In America it is very difficult to even find someone who hasn’t taken some sort of trip by airplane, which is why it’s so easy to see that the air travel has had a huge impact on our society since it’s development.
Cameras In The School Essay Research Paper
Cameras in the School In recent years, security has become a major issue. This occurs in schools as well as other locations. The recent security issue is due in large part to the technological advances or our generation. It has become commonplace to have computers and other items of higher price and quality, thus providing more reasons for higher security.
NT Model Essay Research Paper When Windows
NT Model Essay, Research Paper When Windows NT was developed the designers ensured that security features were built in unlike when for example when MS Dos was developed. By default NT
Social Security 2 Essay Research Paper Social
Social Security 2 Essay, Research Paper Social security is very essential for most of today s older Americans. Since it was begun, it has been a sort of protection for retired workers, and for disabled workers. Social Security allows people to live independently and still have their dignity. There are about 150 million workers protected by Social security and more then 44 million people receive Social Security benefits.
Intellectual Development Essay Research Paper Two years
Intellectual Development Essay, Research Paper Two years ago, after pondering on the effect of a black out in the airport with no back-up supply, I decided to embark on a project that would ensure the safety of the airplanes and their passengers with minimum input from the pilots. Therefore, I assumed that the planes are able to determine the positions of other planes using the Global Positioning Satellite, but have no radio communication with each other.
Airline Safety Bill Essay Research Paper Introduction
Airline Safety Bill Essay, Research Paper Introduction (Background of Actors): There are quite a few actors in respect to interest groups and domestic airline safety. The interest groups come from varying backgrounds of business, labor, government and public interest. The actors that we are focused on are the domestic airline companies, the aerospace industry, private security firms, various labor groups, National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of Transportation (DOT), Congress, The World Conference on Transportation Research Society (WCTRS) and the American people.
Information Security Essay Research Paper Emerging Opportunities
Information Security Essay, Research Paper Emerging Opportunities and The Internet – Information Security by Margaret Headley “Using encryption on the Internet is the equivalent of arranging an armoured car to deliver credit card information from someone living in a cardboard box to someone living on a park bench.” Gene Spafford, computer security researcher, Purdue University.
Front Office Essay Research Paper The Role
Front Office Essay, Research Paper The Role of The Front Office A security program is most effective when all employees participate in the hotel s security efforts. Front office staff play a paticularly important role. Front desk agent, door attendants, bellpersons, and parking attendantshave the oppurtunity to observe all persons entering or departing the premises.
Security 2 Essay Research Paper security is
Security 2 Essay, Research Paper security is the concept related to peace and order.Security is a freedom from threats to core values.It is the ability of states to maintain their independent identity and functional integrity.States would seek to achieve their own security at the expense of their neighbours.
Social Security Essay Research Paper Social securityThe
Social Security Essay, Research Paper Social security The issue I am addressing today is what to do about social security. There is going to be a large problem with our social security in years to come. Both Al Gore and Bush
Are Airplanes Safe Essay Research Paper Are
Are Airplanes Safe? Essay, Research Paper Are Airplanes Safe? TWA Flight 800, EgyptAir Flight 990, and Alaska Air Flight 461 and countless other flight numbers from the past decade all have one major thing in common with each other. All three are commercial airline flights that have gone down with no survivors, and all of these flights have happened in the past five years.
Airframe Essay Research Paper I am interested
Airframe Essay, Research Paper I am interested in aircraft, especially airplane engines and structure. I have studied for five years in Japan about aviation maintenance at my high school and my college which have aeronautical engineering departments. Needless to say, I am majoring in the aviation maintenance technology.
Destruction Of The World Trade Center Essay
, Research Paper A tragic event – Destruction of The World Trade Center A short duration ago, on September 11 of 2001, our no longer called peaceful lives were interrupted by the terrorist attack on The World Trade Center. This dreadful attack costing
Airplanes How They Work Essay Research Paper
I am doing my report Title: Airplanes How they workType: Research PaperAcademic Level: HighschoolContent: The aerodynamics of the airplaneDescription: To explain how the plane works
Airplanes Essay Research Paper ResearchAirplanes are an
Airplanes Essay, Research Paper Research: Airplanes are an efficient way of traveling to far places. Airplanes are amazing if you know what and how the air keeps the plane airborne. There are three components of flight: aerodynamics, the Bernoulli principal and supersonic flight. Some other things about flight are the four forces, lift, drag, weight, and thrust.
Airplane Warfare During World War I Essay
, Research Paper During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they were used changed greatly. At first planes were only used for sport, but people started realize that not only could
Social Security Essay Research Paper Will Social
Social Security Essay, Research Paper Will Social Security be here in the future Social Security is a system that was set up in 1935 after the Great depression to help people get through tough times. “Social Security is now used by nearly 44 million Americans”(policy). Only people who payed into social security are eligible to collect when they retire.
Budget Negotiations Essay Research Paper
——————————————————————————– In the midst of the current budget negotiations, there is one neglected question worth asking: what does the public really want? Tax cuts? Paying down the national debt? More spending? If so, more spending on what? The available polling data, analyzed in this report, helps answer these questions.
Pbs Essay Research Paper PROCESS BASED SECURITY
Pbs Essay, Research Paper PROCESS BASED SECURITY, WHAT IS IT AND HOW IT WILL CHANGE YOUR COMPUTER?S LIFE This note is for the purpose of explaining a new way to implement operating system security called process-based security. First, an explanation of traditional operating system security is given. Next, an explanation of process-based security is given.
Commercial Airlines Essay Research Paper Commercial Airplanes
Commercial Airlines Essay, Research Paper Commercial Airplanes: privately owned airplanes in the business of providing service to the general public. Talk about uses. Multibillion dollar industry in less than 90 years. Dates back to 1910. On June 22, 1910 the first regular passenger-carrying airship service was inaugurated.
Commercial Airliners And The Media Essay Research
Paper Commercial airliners fly very high, very fast, and very efficiently. Given their extreme height and speed, many people are fearful of flying. There is a common myth in North America that commercial airliners are dangerous, but this is far from the truth.
Physics 1 Essay Research Paper Physics I
Physics 1 Essay, Research Paper Physics I paper Eric Pevehouse, GPISP97, 10-26-00 I believe that the rationale of Robert E. Resh s article is quite simple: He tries to establish the brief history of air bags in his audience s minds. He commences his paper with the concept of an old school air bag. Resh enlightens us that the notion of air cushions first came about during World War II as an inflatable crash landing device for airplanes.