Water pollution occurs mostly, when people overload the water
environment such as streams, lakes, underground water, bays or seas with wastes
or substances harmful to living beings.
Water is necessary for life. All organisms contain it, some drink it
and some live in it. Plants and animals require water that is moderately pure,
and they cannot survive, if water contains toxic chemicals or harmful
microorganisms. Water pollution kills large quantity of fish, birds, and other
animals, in some cases killing everything in an affected area.
Pollution makes streams, lakes, and coastal waters unpleasant to
swim in or to have a rest. Fish and shellfish harvested from polluted waters
may be unsafe to eat. People who polluted water can become ill, if they drink
polluted water for a long time, it may develop cancer or hurt their future
children.
The major water pollutants are chemical, biological, and physical
materials that lessen the water quality. Pollutants can be separated into
several different classes:
The first class is petroleum products: oil, fuel, lubrication,
plastics. The petroleum products get into water by accidental spills from
ships, tanker trucks and when there are leaks from underground storage tanks.
Many petroleum products are poisonous for animals. Spilled oil damages the
feathers of birds and the fur of animals, often it causes death.
The second class is pesticides and herbicides. There are chemicals
used to kill harmful animals and plants. If they penetrate into streams,
rivers, lakes, these chemicals can be very dangerous. The chemicals can remain
dangerous for a long time. When an animal eats a plant that's been treated with
it, the poisons are absorbed into the tissues and organs of the animals.
When other animals feed on a contaminated animal, the chemicals are
passed up to them. As it goes up through the food chain, the chemical becomes
more harmful, so animals at the top of the food chains may suffer cancers,
reproductive problems, and death. Nitrates can cause a lethal form of anemia in
infants.
The third class are heavy metals, such as, mercury, selenium,
uranium, radium, cesium, etc. They get into the water from industries,
automobile exhausts, mines, and natural soil. Heavy metals also become more
harmful as they follow the food chain. They accumulate in living being's cells
and when they reach high levels of concentration in the organism, they can be
extremely poisonous, or can result in long-term health problems. They can
sometimes cause liver and kidney damage.
The fourth class is fertilizers and other nutrients used to promote
plant growth on farms and in gardens.
The fifth class is infectious organisms and pathogens. They enter
water through sewage, storm drains, runoff from farms, etc.
The last one is thermal pollution. Water is often taken from rivers,
lakes or seas to be used in factories and power plants. The water is usually
returned to the source warmer than when it was taken. Even a small temperature
change in a body of water can drive away the fish and other species that were
originally there, and attract other species in place of them. It breaks a
balance and can cause serious circumstances in future.
Загрязнение воды
Загрязнение
воды происходит главным образом, когда люди перегружают водную окружающую среду,
ручьи, озера, подземные воды, заливы и моря, отходами или веществами, вредными
для живых существ.
Вода,
необходима для жизни. Все организмы содержат воду, некоторые пьют ее, некоторые
живут в ней. Растениям и животным нужна относительно чистая вода, и они не
выживут, если в воде будут токсические химикалии или вредные микроорганизмы.
Загрязнение воды убивает большое количество рыбы, птиц и других животных, а в
некоторых случаях в пострадавших районах убивает все живое.
Загрязнение
превращает ручьи, озера и прибрежные воды в места, непригодные для отдыха и
купания. Рыба и моллюски, пойманные в загрязненной воде, могут быть небезопасны
для еды. Люди, которые пьют загрязненную воду, могут заболеть, если они пьют
загрязненную воду в течение долгого времени, это может вызвать рак или
повредить их будущим детям.
Больше
всего воду загрязняют химические, биологические вещества, которые ухудшают
качество воды. Загрязняющие вещества могут быть разделены на несколько
различных классов.
Первый
класс — это нефтепродукты: нефть, топливо, смазочные вещества, пластмассы.
Нефтепродукты попадают в воду через случайные утечки с судов, грузовых танкеров,
когда есть утечки из подземных хранилищ и резервуаров. Многие нефтепродукты
ядовиты для животных. Пролитая нефть повреждает перья птиц и мех животных, часто
это приводит к смерти.
Второй
класс — это пестициды и гербициды. Это химические вещества, которые
используются для уничтожения вредных животных и растений. Если они попадают в
ручьи, реки, озера, то могут быть очень опасны. Химикалии могут оставаться
опасными в течение долгого времени. Когда животное съедает растение, которое
было обработано этими химикатами, яд попадает в ткани и органы животного.
Когда
другие животные съедают пораженное животное, химикалии попадают к ним. Проникая
вверх по пищевой цепочке, химикаты становятся все более и более вредоносными, так
что животные на верхних ступенях пищевой цепочки могут страдать раковыми
образованиями, проблемами воспроизводства, могут погибнуть. Нитраты могут стать
причиной смертельного исхода от анемии у младенцев.
Третий
класс — это тяжелые металлы, такие как ртуть, селен, уран, радий, цезий и т. д.
Они попадают в воду с промышленных предприятий, выхлопных труб автомобилей, шахт
и обычного грунта. Тяжелые металлы также становятся более вредными, поскольку
они следуют по пищевой цепи. Они накапливаются в клетках живых организмов.
Когда они достигают высокого уровня концентрации в организме, они могут быть
чрезвычайно ядовитыми или могут стать причиной серьезных проблем со здоровьем.
Они могут иногда вызывать повреждения печени и почек.
Четвертый
класс — это удобрения и другие вещества, которые используются для улучшения
роста растений на фермах и в садах.
Пятый
класс — инфекционные организмы и патогенные микроорганизмы. Они попадают в воду
через сточные воды, дренажи, каналы отвода сточных вод с ферм и т. д.
И
последний класс — тепловое загрязнение. Вода, которая забирается из рек, озер, морей
для нужд предприятий, часто возвращается к источнику теплее, чем она
забиралась. Даже малое температурное изменение воды может отпугнуть рыбу и
другие виды животных, которые изначально жили там, и привлечь другие
разновидности вместо них. Это нарушает баланс и может вызвать серьезные
последствия в будущем.
Questions:
1. When does water pollution occur?
2. Why do plants and animals require pure water?
3. What are the major water pollutants?
4. How can pollutants be separated?
5. How do petroleum products affect the animals?
6. Why can pesticides and herbicides be dangerous if they penetrate
into streams, rivers and lakes?
7. What do heavy metals result in?
8. How do fertilizers penetrate to water?
9. What damage can thermal pollution cause?
Vocabulary:
pollution
— загрязнение
to
occur — происходить, случаться, совершаться
mostly
— главным образом» но большей части
environment
— окружение, окружающая обстановка; окружающая среда
stream — река, ручей
underground water — подземные воды
bay — залив» бухта
harmful — вредный
living beings — живые существа
to
contain — содержать в себе, включать, иметь в своем составе; вмещать
to
require — требовать
moderately
— умеренно, сдержанно
to
survive — выдержать, пережить, перенести
quantity
— количество
shellfish
— моллюск, ракообразное
to
harvest — проводить массовые охоты
to
ingest — глотать, проглатывать
to
lessen — уменыпать(ся), сокращать(ся)
petroleum
products — нефтепродукты
fuel
— топливо, бензин
lubrication
— смазка, смазывание (машины)
accidental
— случайный
to
spill — проливаться), разливать(ся), расплескивать(ся)
tanker
truck — грузовой танкер
leak
— течь, протечка, утечка
underground storage tank — подземные хранилища (резервуары)
poisonous
— ядовитый
to
penetrate — проникать внутрь, проходить сквозь, пронизывать
to
remain — оставаться
to
absorb — всасывать, впитывать; абсорбировать, поглощать
tissue
— ткань
contaminated
— зараженный, загрязненный
to
suffer — страдать; испытывать, претерпевать
lethal
form — летальный исход
exhausts
— выхлопные газы
to cause damage — причинять ущерб, вред
liver
— печень
kidney
— почка
nutrient
— питательное вещество
sewage
— сточные воды, нечистоты
storm
drains — дренажи
circumstance
— обстоятельство, случай; условие
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
Другие работы по теме:
Environmental problems in Arkhangelsk region
Threat of ecological accident as a result of business activity of the person. The industrial enterprises polluting atmosphere. Growing number of the illnesses caused by an air way and pollution of water. Environmental problems in the Arkhangelsk region.
Environmental problems
Environment protection. Technological advancement. Cities and ecological accident. Air pollution. Public transport, cars. A dust problem, and clearings of cities of it. Disappearing of many endangered species of animals. Chemicals from factories.
The enviromental problems which concern the Mankind
The environmental problems which concern the Mankind. I’m going to speak about some kinds of pollution, for example air pollution or acid rain, water pollution. Now different kinds of trees, many of the animals, birds, fish are in serious danger. What should government do to stop the polluting, nowadays?
Environmental Economic Impact Of Pollution In Chesapeake
Bay Essay, Research Paper Environmental Economic Impact of Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay The Chesapeake Bay is the nation’s largest estuary with six major tributaries, the James, the Potomac, the Susquehanna, the Patuxent, the York, and the Rappahannock Rivers, feeding into the bay from various locations in Maryland, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia (Chemical Contaminants in the Chesapeake Bay – Workshop Discussion 1).
Living By The Water Essay Research Paper
LIVING BY THE WATER If I could chose to live by the mountains or by the water, I would chose to live by the water. Almost all of my life, I have wanted to live by the water. To be able to live by the water would be the greatest gift to me. I just love to be around water.
Global Warming Deforestation Nuclear Waste And Pollution
Essay, Research Paper Q. Discuss some issue of personal, local, or international concern and its importance to you. Through out my high school year I have researched on many issues and all of the issues are important to me. All of the issues are important to me because in a way all of the problems are connected to each other and one problem leads to another.
The Uneven Distribution Of Fresh Water Essay
, Research Paper The uneven distribution of fresh water Uneven distribution of fresh water causes an Impact on the lives of people; it causes the destruction of nature, and depletion of a valuable resource. There are also political problems connected to the distribution of fresh water
Pollution In Georgia Essay Research Paper Growing
Pollution In Georgia Essay, Research Paper Growing cities face many problems today. One problem is pollution. Most pollution in bustling cities is from improper land use. This affects the air and the water of these cities. Atlanta, the capital of Georgia, has this problem.
Cause And Effect Pollution Essay Research Paper
Pollution has been a threat to the world for a long time. Many people think about it, but don?t know what they can do about it. It is affecting many things and must be reduced. Is there anything you can do?
Water Pollution Cause And Effect Essay Research
Paper Water pollution is a global plague that affects the people, animals, and plants. These life forms need water to survive. The causes are contributed greatly by the human population. Recently, laws have been passed to protect the precious drinking waters. Although they are in effect, most are ignored or loop holes have been found by major corporations so the can still “legally” dump harmful waste near water supplies.
Air pollution 2
Air pollution... This problem is very important. In spite of it’s importance, there’s really a few people who is worried about it.But it’s not right ! Such problems as this one needs more attention. Of course it’s clear, that human gives the beginning of this issue. But if the human gives the beginning of this issue, wouldn’t it be right that the human has to stop it ??? Yes, it would be right.
How North Carolina Is Affected By Water
Pollution Essay, Research Paper HOW NORTH CAROLINA IS EFFECTED ECONOMICALLY BY WATER POLLUTION About 80% of the State s surveyed freshwater rivers and streams have good water quality that fully supports aquatic life uses, 17% have fair water quality that partially supports aquatic life uses, and 3% have poor water quality that does not support aquatic life uses.
Hydroelectric Power Essay Research Paper Kevin ShahPeriod
Hydroelectric Power Essay, Research Paper Kevin Shah Period 3 Hydroelectric Power One of the earliest ways to harness power is to use the powerful flow of water. On September 30th, 1882, in Appleton, Wisconsin, the first ever dam was built. Since then, over 2,044 billion-kilowatt hours have been produced each day, worldwide.
Air Pollution And Government Itervention Essay Research
Paper It is generally accepted that the cause of air pollution is the ill-defined private property rights on air. But transaction costs matter too. Market is costly. After the defination of private property rights on air, it is very difficult, even impossible to charge the people who pollute air. The transaction costs of doing so is considerable.
Air Polution Essay Research Paper AIR POLLUTIONSome
Air Polution Essay, Research Paper AIR POLLUTION Some causes of air pollution are Smog, Acid Rain and Nuclear Problems. Smog is a word that discribes a mixture of smoke and fog. In some places you are advised to stay indoors when smog is bad. One of these places is Mexico City in Mexico. It has some the worst air pollution in the world.
Pollution 4 Essay Research Paper PollutionAs time
Pollution 4 Essay, Research Paper Pollution As time advances pollution is every where, humans more and more rely on machines to live their lives. Machines like cars and trucks, airplanes, computer; all of which produce some kind of pollution. Maybe air, water, and even noise pollution are cause by these machines.
Industrial Pollution Essay Research Paper There are
Industrial Pollution Essay, Research Paper There are all of types of pollution. Industrial pollution is the air, water, and chemical pollution caused by industries. There has always been pollution. Industrial pollution began when our country went through the Industrial Revolution. Most all parts of the world are affected in some way by industrial pollution.
Soil And The Enviroment Essay Research Paper
SOIL Soil Erosion The soil over North America is becoming more and more useless for agriculture purposes. A great deal of the fertile top soil has vanished leaving behind a cement like surface of rocks and pebbles. This deterioration of the soil is called erosion . The forces most responsible for this kind of erosion are wind, water and ice.
Air Pollution Essay Research Paper In 1948
Air Pollution Essay, Research Paper In 1948, the industrial town of Donora, Pennsylvania suffered 28 deaths because of the thick smog. Air pollution is an ecological problem having to do with toxins in the air. There are a few things the human race has done to try to prevent air pollution from taking such a serious toll.
Water Pollution Essay Research Paper Water PollutionPeople
Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper Water Pollution People keep on throwing trash and industrial wastes into our clean water. If this continues, the quality of our water will deteriorate, and without it everything dies, including us. Water pollution is destroying our world, but fortunately we can count on special treatments for this kind of problem.
Water Pollution And Its Effect On The
Environment Essay, Research Paper Water Pollution and Its Effects on the Environment Water is probably the most important resource we as people have. Humans can survive without food for several weeks, but without water we would
California Water Pollution Essay Research Paper California
California Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper California Water Pollution Water pollution is the major problem in our world today. The state of California also has many water problems of it’s own. Many living things suffer from polluted water. Humans, animals, and other organisms depend on water to live.
Cause 2
Cause & Effect:Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper Cause and Effect: Water Pollution Water pollution progresses every day in our lakes, oceans, rivers, and other bodies of water that we see and use in many ways. Water is essential for all living things to survive, yet people still pollute it. It s pretty sad to be taking a trip to the beach with your family and you get there to see a sign that says the beach is closed.
Water Pollution Essay Research Paper Water pollution
Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper Water pollution needs to be stopped. Pollution of lakes rivers, streams, and oceans has been killing land and water animals for years. Polluting water is a horrible act and will be stopped.
In HOuse Pollution Essay Research Paper IntroductionThe
In HOuse Pollution Essay, Research Paper Introduction The phrase ?House? isn?t a strange thing for us. Everyone in the earth wish to has his or her own house to live in. People use their house for shelter and a place to sleep, cook, bath, relax and many more. What?s the most important is that they could spend their time with their families.
Water Pollution Essay Research Paper The earth
Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper The earth is facing a lot of environmental problems today, these problems are caused by humans. In the search for the technology, humans begin to improve
Acid 2 Essay Research Paper What is
Acid 2 Essay, Research Paper What is Acid Rain? Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem. Caused by air pollution, acid rain’s spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water.
The Problems Of Mexico City Essay Research
Paper The Problems of Mexico City The principal problems now facing Mexico City are its overcrowding and overpopulation, its dangerous environment, its dwindling water supply, and its
Solar Energy An Alternative Energy Essay Research
Paper Solar Energy: An Alternative Energy Imagine a perfect source of energy. One with which no pollution what-so-ever is associated with. No poisonous gasses or destruction of rain forests. This
Pollution Essay Research Paper Pollution What is
Pollution Essay, Research Paper Pollution. What is pollution? According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary pollution is ?the action of polluting esp. by environmental contamination with man-made waste.? The United States runs on power. Much of the United States? powers come from various nuclear power plants all across the country.
Ocean Pollution Essay Research Paper Ocean Pollution
Ocean Pollution Essay, Research Paper Ocean Pollution Ocean Pollution is a problem that directly affects ocean organisms and the natural balance. It indirectly affects human health and resources. Oil spills, toxic wastes and the dumping of other materials all contribute to the broad term ‘Ocean Pollution’.
Environmental protection in Great Britain
Our civilisation has gone so far in its development and polluted the environment to such an extend that is very difficult to reverse it to primordial nature. The poisoning of the World’s land, air and water in the fastest-spreading disease of civilisation.