Manhattan Project 3 Essay, Research Paper
Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was the name for the United States program to develop an atomic bomb during the second world war. It was the largest scientific effort undertaken at that time. It involved thirty-seven laboratories throughout the country. One-hundred thousand people worked on this project. Some of these people include the Nobel prize-winning physicists Arthur Holly Compton, Enrico Fermi, Richard Feynman, Ernest Lawrence, and Harold Urey. In the following, I will briefly discuss what nuclear fission is, the origins of the project, the procedures, and what the resulting product was used for.
Nuclear fission is the splitting of heavy nuclei to release energy. Elements such as uranium and plutonium have heavy nuclei. To produce nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor, a bombarding particle, such as a neutron, and a target material, such as uranium 235, is required. The resulting split material is called fission fragments. The by-products of fission chain reactions are energy primarily in the form of heat, and radioactive waste.
The origin of the Manhattan Project is often traced to a letter from Albert Einstein to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The letter warned Franklin about German efforts to build a nuclear weapon. Einstein advised Roosevelt to appoint a committee to try to create one before the Germans. He ordered the Office of Scientific Research and Development, a government agency, to investigate the possibility of creating an atomic weapon. In 1942, the Army Corps of Engineers was assigned the job of building facilities at which the research and testing would be done. This job was managed by the Corps of Engineers’ Manhattan District. That is where the Manhattan project got its name. Franklin appointed the Army’s chief engineer, Brig. Gen. Leslie R. Groves, as director.
The scientists working on the Project worked in isolation. Many of them did their research in different parts of the country, unaware of the larger project in which they were part of. One of these scientists, the physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer, became concerned that the scientists’ isolation from one another would jeopardize the project. Soon, he discussed with Groves the need for a central laboratory. Oppenheimer identified an isolated site at Los Alamos, New Mexico. When Groves approved the site, the Corps of Engineers began construction of a laboratory and compound in late 1942. After the Los Alamos Laboratory was completed, Groves appointed Oppenheimer to head the laboratory. The scientists at Los Alamos worked out the bomb s technology. Today, the Los Alamos Laboratory houses the nation s most top secret research on nuclear weapons. Elsewhere in the country, city-like industrial complexes worked to produce enough U-235, and plutonium to power the bomb. The largest of these complexes were the Clinton Engineer Works (CEW) at Oak Ridge, Tenn., and the Hanford Engineer Works (HEW) on the Columbia River in Washington.
In 1945 Roosevelt died and Harry S. Truman became president. During the spring and summer of that year, the United States proposed an invasion of Japan. Some military experts predicted that United States casualties from the attack could reach between five hundred thousand and one million. The Truman Administration and military leaders knew that the Manhattan Project scientists expected to have a weapon ready to test by July so they turned down the previous idea. On July 16, the scientists conducted the first test of the atomic bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico. The blast given off was equivalent to the force of about forty-thousand pounds of dynamite. The bomb was two-thousand times greater than the most powerful bomb in existence at the time. After learning of the success at Alamogordo, Truman, who was anxious to avoid an invasion of Japan, wanted to bring the war to a decisive end, and to intimidate the Soviet Union. He decided that the United States would use an atomic bomb on Japan. On July 26, Truman and other Allied leaders proposed the Potsdam Declaration, threatening “complete and utter destruction” of Japan if it did not surrender right away. Days later, Japan declared that it would continue the war. On August 6, under Truman’s orders, the United States dropped an atomic bomb fueled by uranium, nicknamed Little Boy , on Hiroshima. Three days later the Fat Man plutonium bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. On August 10, Japan announced its intention to surrender. Japan formally surrendered on September 2.
The Manhattan Project was cornerstone of nuclear energy. It was also the most advanced scientific movement at the time. Many scientists put their full effort into producing the world s most powerful weapon for that period. Not only did they just create a weapon of mass destruction, these dedicated scientists helped fuel the further research on nuclear energy.
Другие работы по теме:
Нью-Йорк /english/
Нью-Йорк (штат), Манхаттан и его география, финансовый район, восточная часть города, развлечения в Манхаттане.
New York
(Part I) New York is the largest city in the world & the biggest seaport. It is the money-center of the U. S. New York is situated in north-east of the USA in the state of N. Y. Of the Empire State.
Beowulf Essay Research Paper At 845 am
Beowulf Essay, Research Paper At 8:45 a.m. EDT, the first of two airliners crashed into the World Trade Center, opening a horrifying and apparently coordinated terrorist attack on the United States, which saw the collapse of the two 110-story towers into surrounding Manhattan streets and a later attack on the Pentagon.
Harold Clayton Urey Essay Research Paper Jikesh
Harold Clayton Urey Essay, Research Paper Jikesh Patel 11/3/00 Block F Harold c. Urey Harold Clayton Urey was a scientist whose discovery of deuterium helped him win the Nobel Peace Prize for Chemistry in 1934. He also made fundamental contributions to the production of the atomic bomb through his development of the isotope separation processes for the Manhattan Project.
Atomic Bomb Essay Research Paper Through the
Atomic Bomb Essay, Research Paper Through the centuries, man has tried many attempts in inventing a mass killing mechanism. Alas, in 1945, such a mechanism was created. The atomic bomb was created after many years of the study of atoms. Finally, a way to split the atoms was born. Germany was the first to try, using uranium-235 to make a bomb.
Ethics In America Essay Research Paper New
Ethics In America Essay, Research Paper New York ?Amen, I say to you, whatever you did for one of the least of my brothers, you did for me.? Matthew 25:40 The poor, the sick, and the children. These are the three most vulnerable groups in our society and in upper Manhattan?s Washington Heights neighborhood there are plenty of them.
Drop The Bomb Better Version Essay Research
Paper Atomic Bombs Dropped on Japan, Justified? On August 6th and 9th of 1945 U.S. bombers dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, causing utter destruction and many deaths.
Capital Punishment And Torture Unconstitutional Or Junstice
? Essay, Research Paper Capital punishment and torture are often looked down on in today?s societies because they are viewed as cruel and unconstitutional, but perhaps they would help in more ways then we would like to admit. They can be beneficial in many ways such as encouragement to be truthful, encouragement to live by the laws, and as a source of punishment.
Nuclear Arms Essay Research Paper On August
Nuclear Arms Essay, Research Paper On August 6, 1945, Hiroshima was devastated by “a most cruel and terrible new bomb,” as described by Emperor Hirohito, one of the Axis leaders during World War II. Since then, nuclear weapons have become a major threat to humanity as more and more missiles, bombs, and other weapons are created by different countries.
Please Essay Research Paper aquifer while rain
Please Essay, Research Paper aquifer while rain falling onto the shoreline regions recharges the shallow aquifers system only. Earlier studies of the groundwater flow potentials at a Brookhaven landfill found that there was little to no , 1995). The town maintains a monitoring network in multi-well clusters in the vicinity of the landfill.
A Mystical Place Essay Research Paper Have
A Mystical Place Essay, Research Paper Have you ever been in a place that left you totally in awe? have you ever wished that you could stay in that place forever? If only our dreams would always come true! My experience in one of Manhattan’s toy stores was wonderful. it was full of beauty; and fortunately, my aunt chose to share this magical place with me. it was almost thanksgiving and my aunt and I were spending quality time together.
The Atomic Bomb In World War 2
Essay, Research Paper Atomic Bombing: America s Only Choice It was discovered at the University of Chicago that neutrons striking the element uranium caused the atoms to split apart. The discovery, based on Einstein s E=mc2 theory that mass has the potential to unleash great amounts of raw energy, showed that among the pieces of a split atom were newly produced neutrons.
Development Of The Atom Bomb Essay Research
Paper Development of:The Atom Bomb “In the 1930s, some scientists theorized that bombarding an atom’s nucleus with a neutron from another atom would cause the first atom to split in two. The splitting atom would release another neutron, which would then strike a neighboring atom, causing it to split, and so on.
Atomic Bomb Essay Research Paper This was
Atomic Bomb Essay, Research Paper This was the basis for the atomic bomb. Throughout this research paper, I will trace the history of the atomic bomb. In addition, who was involved and why, what happened in this event, and explain the impact that it had on the world. After Einstein predicted, that mass could be converted into energy.
The Dropping Of The Atomic Bomb Essay
, Research Paper The dropping of the A-bomb was a direct result of world conflict, at the fault of everyone involved. The blame has been placed on many people, from Oppenheimer making the bomb to the pilots dropping it. However, the blame of the disastrous A-bomb cannot be placed solely on one person. There were many people who were involved in the dropping of the bomb and the making of the bomb.
New York Essay Research Paper NEW YORK
New York Essay, Research Paper NEW YORK CITY New York is probably one of the most interesting cities in the world. It has something to offer to everybody. If you are looking for culture you make the right choice visiting one of the hundreds great museums in the city.
New York
New York City isn’t the capital of USA and it isn’t the capital of New York State, but residents of the “Big Apple” considering their city the capital of the globe. It is because New York is the home of the United Nations and the largest investment market in the world.
Harlem Renaissance Essay Research Paper Harlem RenaissanceWhat
Harlem Renaissance Essay, Research Paper Harlem Renaissance What is a renaissance? A renaissance is a movement or period of vigorous artistic and intellectual activity. There was a famous renaissance in Europe during the transition from medieval times to modern times that is still taught today. There was, also, a not so well known renaissance that occurred in the United States from the 1920 s to the 1930 s in Manhattan.
Blah Essay Research Paper For my senior
Blah Essay, Research Paper For my senior thesis, I will be conducting further research on my project, and the idea from which my project came. This research will include different experimental approaches and setups, the outcomes of these new schematics, and the way in which the project was originally approached.
The Manhattan Project Essay Research Paper Manhattan
The Manhattan Project Essay, Research Paper Manhattan Project The Einstein Letter Leo Szilard, like many other foreign-born physicists in the U.S. who had fled fascism, knew Germany was conducting nuclear research. Having learned the Germans had banned the export of uranium, he believed the Germans were developing an atomic bomb.
The Manhatten Project Essay Research Paper The
The Manhatten Project Essay, Research Paper The Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was born into a “World in Crisis” (Snyder, 356). The terrible Adolf Hitler had come to power in Germany, and Italian armies sought control in Europe. “In the summer of 1939 war broke out in Europe. Within a year German and Italian armies controlled a large part of the continent[Europe]” (Killingray, 6).
Manhattan Project Essay Research Paper Manhattan ProjectThe
Manhattan Project Essay, Research Paper Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project is the code name for the US government’s secret project that was established before World War II and culminated in the development of the nuclear bomb. The idea of forming a research team to create a nuclear weapon was endorsed in a letter than Einstein sent to Franklin Roosevelt, the president of the United States at the time.
WWII Essay Research Paper WWII was one
WWII Essay, Research Paper WWII was one of the longest most deadly wars ever know to man. Most of the countries were either affected by it or directly involved with it. The United States did not directly join the war until December of 1941. In August of 1945 an event happened that would change the way we look and execute war tactics.
Concert Report Essay Research Paper Bill Housmanconcert
Concert Report Essay, Research Paper Bill Housman concert report #5 On the night of Friday April 28th, 2000 I attended a piano recital. A good friend of my mothers named Sarah Goodman, who has been playing the piano since the age of 6 was holding a solo performance in a small concert hall in the upper east side of Manhattan.
MS Power Point Essay Research Paper Reflection
MS Power Point Essay, Research Paper Reflection on MS Power Point The Microsoft Power Point presentation that we just completed was a fun project. I learned how to set up Power Point slides while infiltrating animation and sound.