With Nubbin Winged Flies Essay, Research Paper
The Cross of Straight Winged Fruit Flies with Nubbin Winged Fruit Flies
The Cross of Straight Winged Fruit Flies with Nubbin Winged Fruit Flies
In 1933, a man named Thomas Hunt Morgan won the Nobel Prize for conducting experiments on genetics by using the Drosophila melanogaster (also known as the fruit fly). This experiment gave him the understanding of sex linked inheritance. The reason why he used fruit flies was because they breed many times and to have a good experiment you should have many results to work with.
Thomas Hunt Morgan was an American zoologist. He was a professor of experimental zoology at Columbia University. From his experiments he concluded that the individual units of heredity, (genes) are arranged in a line on the chromosomes. This theory, known as the chromosome theory of heredity. Morgan also wrote The Theory of the Gene in 1926.
The fruit fly has very few stages in it s life cycle. They are egg, larva, pupa, and then it becomes an adult. The female lays the egg and after one day the egg hatches and a larva comes out. The larva will keep eating for seven days and then it becomes a pupa. It will remain this way for six days and then finally it is an adult. Then the females are virgins for 8 to 12 hours. Once they reproduce with a male the female can store his sperm for the rest of the her life.
Genetics is an important aspect of many areas of pure and applied biology. Viral genetics, microbial genetics, plant genetics, animal genetics, and human genetics focus research on specific types of organisms. Research in molecular genetics involves studies on chemical structure and function; cytogenetics on location of the genetic material in cells and on cell division; developmental genetics on the genetic function in embryological phenomena; behavior genetics on the role of the gene in regulating behavior; and population genetics on the evolutionary process.
At the applied level, genetics is of direct use in understanding genetic diseases and environmental mutation. It is used in plant and animal breeding to improve the quality and quantity of food. It also is a tool in basic research by which complex biological processes can be analyzed, often at the molecular level
There are many aspects to apply to this experiment. This experiment was reproduced so that one can find out how genes can show up over other genes. Its almost like the gene conquers the other but lets it live. In other words the dominant gene shows up but the recessive gene is hiding it characteristics.
During this experiment the flies will mate with each other and come out with offspring. After I take my offspring and breed with a partner and decide what type off gene I want to look for. In my experiment I hope and think that straight wings are dominant to nubbin wings.
Procedure: Here is the order of operations that you must follow.
Culture Tube
1. Scoop a rounded teaspoon of medium into the bottom of your culture tube.
2. Add a couple of teaspoons of water until it turns completely blue. Make sure not to make it to wet because it will become mushy.
3. Add a little pinch of yeast onto the top of your medium.
4. Take one piece of netting and fold in half twice. Then place it into your tube.
5. Place one foam stopper on top and if you can get a blue top on, use one.
6. Take a piece of tape and place at the top. On the piece of tape write your name, period at what type of flies that you are crossing.
Etherizing
1. Take ether and put just a little of ether on the foam. Make sure to put stopper back on to the ether bottle.
2. Take stopper off of the chamber and tap your tube so you can put them into the chamber. Make sure you get them all into the chamber.
3. Put the stopper over the chamber and let your flies sit in their for about 2 minutes.
Sexing
1. Take a microscope and place flies onto a piece of paper. Put under microscope.
2. Use the lowest magnification power and look at your flies.
3. Use a paint brush to separate you flies and make sure that they don t wake up before you are done.
4. It will be a male if it has a large hair on its front leg.
5. Males also have a darker abdomen than the females.
6. When you are done sexing your flies, place them back into your culture tube but, place them on the side of the tube.
Safety
During this experiment there are many safety procedures that one must follow. Do not inhale the ether because it is very bad for you. When you are taking off your foam top place upside down so you won t contaminate the tube. During the period of this experiment your tube is able to get mold inside of it. If this happens, you will have to start the tube all over.
Conclusion
Overall this experiment was a pretty good success. It showed that straight wings are dominant to nubbin wings and neither one are not sex linked, just like my hypothesis. The fruit flies that were used in this experiment are heterozygous but we can t tell by looking at the phenotypes. We can use common knowledge to figure it out but we need to look at their chromosomes to find the real answer. The reason why we know this is because if one parent gives a dominant gene and the other gives a recessive gene, then that would make the flies heterozygous for straight wings.
There was one major reason why this experiment was performed is, because Homo sapiens (humans) have genes and traits that are passed down from generation to generation, but the reason why we didn t use human traits is because there are 23 chromosomes and that there are more then one trait per chromosome. That would be to complicated to keep track of and it would be all most impossible to do crosses like dihybrid and trihybrid. Every day our body s cells go through mitosis and meiosis. Our cells double all of the time and they pass down their traits but we can t really see that. When we reproduce with another mate, we pass have of our genes down to meet with the other half from the mate. So why aren t our children the same as us? The reason is because we have genes that are dominant, comdominant, and recessive. The dominant genes with show up over the recessive. Codominant traits with blend together to come up with a trait that is in-between. Also, the genes come from both parents, and neither parent looks the same. The child is a mixture of each parent. Some children look more like one aren t because of their looks, but inside the could have a kidney disease from the other parent without anyone knowing it.
After trying and completing this experiment successfully, this shows why genetics are so important in our lives. Maybe one day they will figure out how to cure AIDS by using a certain trait that controls the immune system.
Другие работы по теме:
Meals
Автор: Разное We generally have lunch about one o'clock. The business man in London usually finds it impossible to come home for lunch, and so he goes to a cafe or a restaurant; but if I am making lunch at home I have cold meat (left over probably from yesterday's dinner), potatoes, salad and pickles, with a pudding or fruit to follow.
Essay On The Movie
“Lord Of The Flies” Essay, Research Paper Essay On the Movie “Lord of the Flies” After viewing the movie The Lord of the Flies, I would say that this movie is
Eve And The Apple Essay Research Paper
Eve and the Apple No one completely understands the ways of God. Many of us can come up with our own opinions, and justify his ways in our own minds, just as Milton did in Paradise
Lord Of The Flies Response Essay Research
Paper Lord of the Flies Response Ben Sherry Civilization 9/10/96 There were a lot of underlying reasons to why the boys’ civilization failed in the book The Lord of The Flies. They had many problems with each other because
Ariosto
’S Orlando Furioso Essay, Research Paper Even in the classics, an author must have something outrageous to keep his reader’s attention. Ariosto, in his Orlando Furioso, does so with winged horses and curses placed upon high ranking officials. The main character in cantos 33-35 is Astolfo, and he starts his journey by riding upon a hippogryph.
LOTF Essay Research Paper Introduction
LOTF Essay, Research Paper Introduction The first main problem the boys have in the novel Lord of the Flies is that they are unprepared for survival on an uninhabited
Isolation- Lord Of The Flies And Heart
Of Darkness Essay, Research Paper novels. Throughout Lord of the Flies and Heart of Darkness the importance of restraint is greatly stressed. This being the restraint to remain human and maintain sanity. In Heart
Simon Character Sketch
& Lord Of The Flies Discussion Sheet Essay, Research Paper Lord Of The Flies Discussion Sheet Man is indeed a rational creature. In the book, Ralph is worried of what will come of them. He asks ?We can do all right on our own, can?t we?? and Piggy answers ?We will do all right on our own, it?s them that have no common sense that make trouble on this island.? Although he is also concerned that he is becoming irrational like Jack, he is clearly rational for even thinking about that fact.
Lord Of The Flies The Deterioration Of
Law And Order Essay, Research Paper Rousseau believed that civilization corrupts the essential innocence and goodness of man. The noble savage in his own natural habitat will rid himself of societies evils. But that is not what happens in Lord of the Flies. In Fact, Without society keeping him in line, man will revert back to his most primal state, and blur the line between animals and humans
Lord Of The Flies Opinion Essay Research
Paper Lord Of The Flies was a very pessimistic book because many people died and also that all of the kids humanity is now lost. An example showing why Lord Of The Flies
Load Of The Flies Essay Research Paper
LORD OF THE FLIES My report is about the very well known book “Lord of the flies”, by William Golding. There are many characters in this book, but the most important ones are Ralph,
Hermes Essay Research Paper Hermes is the
Hermes Essay, Research Paper Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia. He is Zeus s messenger. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a magic wand. He is the god of thieves and god of commerce. He is the guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy, weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.
Fruit And Veg Consumption Essay Research Paper
Attempts so far to examine fruit and vegetable consumption have been limited, mainly examining those with low fruit and vegetable consumption or examining the behaviour within the framework offered by the attitude models described earlier in this chapter. A shortcoming of many of the studies outlined above, is that a starting point is often assumed where the main facilitator of fruit and vegetable consumption is that individuals are motivated to eat fruit and vegetables largely for health reasons, and therefore the behaviour is explored within this narrow context.
Lord Of The Flies Simbolizism Paper Essay
, Research Paper The conch was a symbol of authority. Piggy was the first to discover the conch. He always respected it along with Ralph. ?We can use this to call the others. Have a meeting. They?ll come when they hear us-.? (Piggy) It was used to call meetings and whoever held the conch during meetings got to speak.
The Symbolism Of The Conch In Lord
Of The Flies Essay, Research Paper In William Golding?s Lord of the Flies the Conch represents power and order. Power is represented by the fact that you have to be holding it to speak, and Order is displayed by the meetings or gatherings that its used to call and hold.
Outlind Speech For Piggy Lord Of The
Flies Essay, Research Paper Outline for speech on Piggy 2/1/2000 My area of focus for LOF is Piggy I will give -Description (physical and identify personality traits)
Lord Of The Flies Analysis Essay Research
Paper Lord of the Flies Analysis The novel Lord of the Flies written by William Golding was a very exciting novel. It wasn t the plot that made the novel interesting; it was the personalities of the characters. The genre is science fiction and the mood is very dark and cold. The writing style of William Golding was very interesting.
The Original Sin Poem Essay Research Paper
The Original Sin Throughout the book of Genesis, the serpent has been portrayed as the evil entity several times. The most evident example of this is the story of the snake telling Eve to eat the fruit of the forbidden tree. She, in turn gives the fruit to Adam who also consumes it. This poem is my representation of this famed story.
St Patrick
’s Cross Essay, Research Paper History and Symbolism of the Celtic Cross There are many variations of the legends about the Celtic Cross. In modern times the ringed cross is sometimes a symbol of faith or to show ones Irish, Scottish or Welsh identity. An Irish Catholic priest might tell you that the circle on a Celtic Cross is a symbol of eternity that represents the unending love that God showed through Jesus’ crucifixion.
The Lord Of The Flies What Does
The Novel Emply About Human Nature) Essay, Research Paper William Golding s novel The Lord of the flies makes a number of suggestions about Human Nature. The boys became either followers or they became leaders. The boys are scared of the unknown and they would rather seek enjoyment than do any work.
Figure Of Christ In
“Lord Of The Flies” Essay, Research Paper "CHRIST" IN LORD OF THE FLIES Many critics have compared the character of Simon in the book Lord of the Flies to a Christ figure. After reading this book I also found out that Simon and Christ had a lot in common.
LORD OF THE FLIES The Stronger
Of The Two Essay, Research Paper LORD OF THE FLIES The Stronger of the Two By Alana Rush In the book, Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, there are 2 main
Balanchine Pointe Paper Essay Research Paper George
Balanchine Pointe Paper Essay, Research Paper George Balanchine, like many dance teachers, had a good idea of what he thought the ideal dancer should look like. Balanchine also felt that there should be a greater concentration on the female dancers pointe work. He had very high expectations for his dancers to be very precise, crisp, and quick in their movements on and off of pointe.
Lord Of Flies Essay Research Paper The
Lord Of Flies Essay, Research Paper The theatre version of ?Lord of the Flies? based on the novel by William Golding and adapted by Nigel Williams are now being presented in the Lyric
Lord Of The Flies Book Report Essay
, Research Paper Lord of the Flies Lord of the Flies is a good book. It tells about a bunch of boys who get stranded on an island. They get stuck there, so they have to figure out what to do. There are lots of interesting things that happen in this book. It is a good book to read.
The Genetics Of Fruit Flies Essay Research
Paper THE GENETICS OF FRUIT FLIES This lab?s purpose was to determine the genetics of fruit flies, including but not limited to: raising them, feeding them, mating them, sexing them, separating them, and mating them again. We then had to determine which traits were dominant in flies, in my case either the wild eyes or the white eyes, by crossing the flies and through phenotypic ratios we were to determine genotypes.
Lord Of The Flies 10 Essay Research
Paper Lord of the Flies In William Golding’s novel, Lord of the Flies, a group of boys revert from civilized children to savages. The boys are stranded on a tropical island with no adults in authority to tell them what to do. Only one tool, a knife, and their intelligence provide the boys with the ways to survive.
Genetic Research On Fruit Flies Intro Essay
, Research Paper To do genetic research on a fruit fly one must understand the life cycle of the fruit fly. Also, to do the research, one must know how to: prepare a vial, subculture, isolate virgins, and make crosses with mutant flies. In addition to doing all of the above, one must know how to identify the differences between male and female fruit flies.
Kkk And The Cross In Cincinnati Essay
, Research Paper The KKK and the Cross The KKK are only putting the cross up in Fountain Square because they want attention. Do we want to give them what they want? NO! So, we can all not pay any attention to the cross. Instead of criticizing it, we worship it. It?s like whenever a little kid is doing something really annoying and you keep telling them to stop, but they don?t because they just want attention.
Limon Dance Company Essay Research Paper Limon
Limon Dance Company Essay, Research Paper Limon Dance Company is the nation?s oldest modern-dance company. Jose Limon established Limon in 1946. In the beginning the company only survived by word of mouth but eventually grew to be one of the Nations best and well-known Modern Dance Company?s. The Limon Dance Company survived with many of its original dance?s intact, these dances preserve the legacy of mid-century choreographers and showed the Company?s talent.
The Winged Humanheaded Bull Essay Research Paper
The one piece of Mesopotamian art that struck me the most was the Winged Human Headed Bull, also called Lamassu. This high relief struck me because of its power. It is able to command attention through its size, position, and strangeness. Its scale is massive at almost fourteen feet tall. It is placed at the entrance of the Citadel of Sargon II, demanding attention and setting the mood.
The Effect Of Violations Of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Conditions On The Allele Frequency Of Drosophila Melanogaster Populations Essay, Research Paper Introduction The interaction between genetic variation and natural selection is one of the most important concepts in modern biology. The product of this interaction, evolution, which is a change in a population?s allele frequency, is responsible for the great complexity and diversity of life seen on earth today.Allele frequencies of a non-evolving population (one in which the allele frequencies are not changing) can be elegantly modeled using the Hardy-Weinberg theorem.
Mapping Unknown Mutations Of Mutant Strain U5914
D Essay, Research Paper Abstract Unknown mutant strain U5914 Drosophila malanogaster with 3 mutated phenotypes: white eyed, dark body color, and incomplete longitudinal vein II and IV. This mutant strain was crossed with wild-type strain and marker strains to study the genetic characteristics of these 3 mutant genes.