Rubens Essay, Research Paper
Peter Paul Rubens is considered one of the most important Flemish painters of the 17th century. His style became an international definition of the animated, exuberantly sensuous aspects of baroque painting. Combining the bold brushwork, luminous color, and shimmering light of the Venetian school with the fervent vigor of Michelangelo’s art and the formal dynamism of Hellenistic sculpture, Rubens created a vibrant art, its pulsating energies emanating from tensions between the intellectual and emotional, the classical and the romantic. For 200 years the vitality and eloquence of his work influenced such artists as Antoine Watteau, in the early 18th century,and Eug ne Delacroix and Pierre Auguste Renoir, in the 19th century. Rubens’s father, Jan Rubens, was a prominent lawyer and Antwerp alderman. Having converted from Catholicism to Calvinism, Jan Rubens in 1568 fled Flanders with his family because of persecutions against Protestants. In 1577 Peter Paul was born in exile at Siegen, Westphalia (now in Germany), also the birthplace of his brother Philip and his sister Baldina. There, their father had become the adviser and lover of Princess Anna of Saxony, wife of Prince William I of Orange (William the Silent). On the death of Jan Rubens in 1587, his widow returned the family to Antwerp, where they again became Catholics. After studying the classics in a Latin school and serving as a court page, Peter Paul decided to become a painter. He apprenticed in turn with Tobias Verhaecht, Adam van Noort, and Otto van Veen, called Vaenius, three minor Flemish painters influenced by 16th-century Mannerist artists of the Florentine-Roman school. The young Rubens was as precocious a painter as he had earlier been a scholar of modern European languages and of classical antiquity. In 1598, at the age of 21, he was accorded the rank of master painter of the
Antwerp Guild of St. Luke. Following the example of many northern European artists of the period, Rubens felt drawn by necessity to travel to Italy, the center of European art for the previous two centuries. In 1600 he arrived in Venice, where he was particularly inspired by the paintings of Titian, Paolo Veronese, and Tintoretto. Later, while resident in Rome, he was influenced by the works of Michelangelo and Raphael, as well as by ancient Greco-Roman sculpture. Vincenzo Gonzaga (reigned 1587-1612), the duke of Mantua, employed Rubens for about nine years. Besides executing original works, Rubens copied Renaissance paintings for the ducal collection, and in 1605 he served as the duke’s emissary to King Philip III of Spain. During his years in Italy, Rubens saw the early baroque works of the contemporary Italian painters Annibale Carracci and Caravaggio, and he associated with some of the leading humanist intellectuals of the day. When Rubens left Italy, he was no longer a bourgeois but a gentleman, and he was not a local artist but one of international style and reputation. His mother’s death in 1608 brought Rubens back to Antwerp, where he married Isabella Brant in 1609. Having formulated one of the first innovative expressions of the baroque style while in Italy, Rubens on his return was recognized as the foremost painter of Flanders and, therefore,
was immediately employed by the burgomaster of Antwerp. His success was further confirmed in 1609, when he was engaged as court painter to the Austrian archduke Albert and his wife, the Spanish infanta Isabella, who together ruled the Low Countries as viceroys for the king of Spain. The number of pictures requested from Rubens was so large that he established an enormous workshop in which the master did the initial sketch and final touches, while his apprentices completed all the intermediary steps. Besides court commissions from Brussels and abroad, the highly devout Rubens was much in demand by the militant Counter Reformation church of Flanders, which regarded his dramatic, emotionally charged interpretations of religious events-such as the Triptych of the Raising of the Cross (1610-11, Antwerp Cathedral)-as images for spiritual recruitment and renewal. Prosperity allowed Rubens to build an Italianate residence in Antwerp, where he housed his extensive collection of art and antiquities. Between 1622 and 1630 Rubens’s value as a diplomat was equal to his importance as a painter.
In 1622 he visited Paris, where the French queen Marie de M dicis commissioned him, for the Luxembourg Palace, to depict her life in a series of allegorical paintings (completed 1625). Despite the keen loss Rubens felt after the death of his wife in 1626, he continued to be highly productive. In 1628 he was sent by the Flemish viceroys to Spain. While in Madrid he received several commissions from King Philip IV of Spain, who made him secretary of his Privy Council. Rubens also served as a mentor to the young Spanish painter Diego Vel zquez. After a delicate diplomatic mission to London in 1629, he was knighted by a grateful King Charles I of England, for whom he executed several paintings. For Charles, Rubens also made the preliminary sketches (finished in Antwerp, 1636) for the ceiling mural in the Whitehall Palace Banqueting Hall. From 1630, when he married H l ne Fourment, until his death on May 30, 1640, Rubens
remained in Antwerp, living primarily at Castle Steen, his country residence. During this final decade he continued executing commissions for the Habsburg monarchs of Austria and Spain. More and more, he also painted pictures of personal interest, especially of his wife and child and of the Flemish countryside. The concerns of Rubens’s late style, and indeed of his whole career, are summarized in The Judgment of Paris (circa 1635-37, National Gallery, London). In this painting voluptuous goddesses are posed against a verdant landscape, goddesses and landscape both symbolizing the richness of creation. Color is luxuriant, light and shade glow, and the brushwork is sensuous. All these elements further the meaning of the narrative, which is Paris’s selection of what is most beautiful-the lifelong concern of Rubens in his art.
Другие работы по теме:
Asterias rubens
Введение 1 Внешний вид 2 Питание 3 Размножение Список литературы Asterias rubens Введение Красный астериас (лат. Asterias rubens) — вид морских звезд отряда Forcipulatida. Обитает на мелководьях северной части Атлантического океана (от Каролины на западе до Сенегала на востоке). Наиболее обычная звезда для Северного, Белого и западной части Балтийского морей.
Paul Cezanne Essay Research Paper Paul Cezanne
Paul Cezanne Essay Research Paper Paul Cezanne was born in in the southern French town of Aix en Provence He was the son of a wealthy banker He became interested in art at an early age which did not please his father Cezanne was educated at t Cezanne Essay Research PaperPaul Cezanne was born in in the southern French town ofAix en Provence.
Alexander The Great Essay Research Paper Peter
Alexander The Great Essay, Research Paper Peter Green Alexander the Great New York, NY. Praeger Publishers, Inc 1970 In Peter Green?s Alexander the Great he tells some of the story of Alexander and how one must know the story of Philip of Macedon in order to know the story of Alexander. Philip was a powerful leader and figure in mid 300 B.C.
The Vedlt Essay Research Paper The VeldtIn
The Vedlt Essay, Research Paper The Veldt In the book The Illustrated Man by Ray Bradbury, there are many short stories one of these being “The Veldt.” The story is told by tattoos on a traveling man’s body. Another man watches the stories occur during the night. Peter and Wendy are convinced that they can do anything to get what they want no matter what the consequences.
Pauls Letter To The Galatians Essay Research
Paper Paul’s Letter to The Galatians When Paul attended the Jerusalem Conference, a decision was made that gentiles would be allowed to become Christians without becoming Jews first. Paul defended the
I Corinthians Essay Research Paper I Corinthians
I Corinthians Essay, Research Paper I Corinthians, the seventh book of the New Testament, was written by Paul to get across that Jesus is alive (15:3-18) and that we will be resurrected (15:35-38), among other things. Today there is no dispute that Paul is the author of I Corinthians. “Both external and the internal evidence for the Pauline authorship are so strong that those who attempt to show the apostle was not the writer succeed chiefly in proving their own incompetence as critics.”1 As internal evidence, Paul identifies himself as the author in 1 Corinthians 1:1 and 16:21.
1 Corinthians Essay Research Paper 1 Corinthians
1 Corinthians Essay, Research Paper 1 Corinthians 14 In this chapter, Paul concludes his discussion of spiritual gifts. In comparing the gift of prophesying with that of speaking in tongues, he points out that prophesying excels when it comes to the edification of the church (1-5). In fact, unless the speaking of tongues provides a new revelation or teaching, and is properly interpreted, it does little good (6-19).
Vernon McGee Views On Bible Essay Research
Paper J. Vernon McGee has an interesting way of looking at the Bible. He seems to take a standpoint on Galations that is very refreshing. I have never heard a biblical
Prometheus Bound Essay Research Paper My trip
Prometheus Bound Essay, Research Paper My trip to the Philadelphia Museum of Art was definitely an enjoyable trip. When I first arrived I was in awe at the size and beauty of the building. The building s architecture reminded me of a lot of European architecture. The inside of the building was also very nice.
Velasquez Essay Research Paper A master of
Velasquez Essay, Research Paper A master of technique, highly individual in style, Velasquez may have had a greater influence on European art than any other painter (Compton’s 271-272). Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velasquez painted the truth,
SAINT PETER CLAVER Essay Research Paper Angel
SAINT PETER CLAVER Essay, Research Paper Angel Mendoza Saint Peter Claver St. Peter Claver was born at Verdu, Catalonia, Spain, in 1580. He descended from a very distinguished family . When
Humor In Acts Essay Research Paper On
Humor In Acts Essay, Research Paper On January 23, 2001 Professor Walker gave our class his presentation titled ?Humor in the Book of Acts?. Some of the things he said have caused me to look at the way I read the New Testament in a different light. Even though I had read it a number of times before I never realized some of the humor or funny situations that he pointed out.
Judy Blume Essay Research Paper Blume Judy
Judy Blume Essay, Research Paper Blume, Judy. SuperFudge. New York: Dell Publishing, 1980. This story is about a boy named Peter and his little brother Fudge. It is about the struggle that kids face growing up with other brothers and sisters. Peter constantly is fighting with his younger brother and is always annoyed with him.
Baroque Art Essay Research Paper Characteristics of
Baroque Art Essay, Research Paper Characteristics of Baroque Art Baroque is the general term given to the style of artistic expression from the late 16th century to the middle of the 18th. Ironically, the term was first used contemptuously by critics to describe architecture and paintings that failed to meet their standards of beauty.
Definition Of Style Baroque Essay Research
Paper The Baroque style of art and architecture developed in Europe, England, and the Americas during the 17th and early 18th centuries. The baroque style is characterized by an emphasis on unity among the arts. The baroque artist achieved harmony in painting, sculpture, and architecture and created new spatial relationships.
Walkabout Essay Research Paper Walkabout14In this section
Walkabout Essay, Research Paper Walkabout- 1/4-In this section of the book Peter and Mary wake up to find themselves stranded in the Australian Outback due their plane crashing. The pilot and the other passengers were killed when the plane exploded, but Peter and Mary got out just in time. Then they began to wander in search of food in a nearby gully.
Nkohma Essay Research Paper Acts Summary xThe
Nkohma Essay, Research Paper .Acts Summary x The book of Acts is written by the author Luke the Apostle who also wrote the book Luke that is one of the four books in the Gospel of the New Testament. The book of Acts is a linking book that shows and describes the transition of Jesus final ministry by sending the Holy Spirit after His ascention into Heaven.
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini Essay Research Paper Giovanni
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini Essay, Research Paper Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini was one of the, if not the most, important artistic talents of theItalian baroque. He was born in 1598 and died in 1680, shortly after his 82nd birthday. Bernini along with Rembrandt, Hals, Vermeer, Poussin, Rubens, Van Dyck, andVel zquez made Italy, for three centuries, the light of the Western world.
Review Nine Lives By Bernice Rubens Essay
, Research Paper Don’t kill me, I’m only the therapistNine Lives by Bernice Rubens 247pp, Little, BrownIn his pioneering book Against Therapy (1988), the former psychotherapist Jeffrey Masson tried to come to terms with having wasted years of life in what he had come to believe was a corrupt and wicked profession.
Paul Ryan Essay Research Paper Dear Paul
Paul Ryan Essay, Research Paper Dear Paul Ryan: Do we really need the Electoral College? I?m writing to you saying that we really don?t need it. I am looking forward in voting in my future years for further elections, but is the Electoral College really needed? I believe that the way that our country votes is wrong.
St Paul Essay Research Paper 1 25
St. Paul Essay, Research Paper 1. (25 Points) Discuss Paul?s background, conversion and some of his views/teachings that may have made him different than the Apostles in Jerusalem.
Paul Essay Research Paper Paul was always
Paul Essay, Research Paper Paul was always an insecure individual. His insecurity was a direct result from the lack of attention he received from his father, and love from his deceased mother. He grew up with minimal support from his father. Paul was never encouraged to do what he was interested in. For instance, when Paul s was at school and was interested in stocks, his father did not encourage his abilities to play the stock market; rather he pulled Paul out of school.
Fly Away Peter notes To Get Started
) Essay, Research Paper David Malouf was born in Brisbane in 1934 (he lived through WW2). The novel was written in 1982. He was a poet before a writer and this has had a strong impact on his style of writing. Malouf is fascinated by opposites, i.e. Australia and England.
Peter Paul And Mary A Biography Essay
, Research Paper The group Peter, Paul and Mary Have been one of my favorites since I was about age 5. Their original ballad “Puff the Magic Dragon” I would listen to over and over again. Other pieces such as “Blowing in the Wind”, and “If I Had a Hammer” were also very familiar to me as a child.
Peter Thegreat Essay Research Paper Peter I
Peter Thegreat Essay, Research Paper Peter I the Great 1672 – 1725 Russian Czar Peter was born in Moscow. He was joint czar with his mentally retarded half-brother, Ivan, under the regency of their sister, Sophia (1682-9). On Ivan’s death (1696) Peter became sole czar.
Peter The Great And Catherine The Great
Essay, Research Paper Peter was the first of the Romanov Czars. He ruled Russia for about 40 years. Peter?s most important contribution to Russia is his trying to westernize and modernize his country. He did that by traveling through Europe, and by that, learning new ideas and ways to modernize his country.
Compare And Contrast 2 Essay Research Paper
In this paper I will compare and contrast two pieces of art work that are religious in nature. Through these pieces, I will show a theme of depicting death as heroic and beautiful, though painful and horrific.
Ecline And Fall And Sun Also Rises
Essay, Research Paper Though Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises, and Evelyn Waugh’s Decline and Fall are written by two different authors, they share similar content and themes. In The Sun Also Rises, Brett desires Jake but cannot commit as a result of Jake’s impotence. Similarly, in Decline and Fall, Margot cannot commit to Paul because of his time in jail.
Black Ice Essay Research Paper Black Ice
Black Ice Essay, Research Paper Black Ice Essay ?The distance between where we were and the ideal kept us all in a painful reaching, jumping, leaping at the sky.?