Cancer Essay, Research Paper
Cancer
Cancer
I. Introduction
A. History
B. What Is Cancer
C. Types Of Cancer
II. How Cancer is Diagnosed
III. Seven warning Signs
IV. Possible Causes Of Cancer
A. Environment
B. Viruses
C. Haereditatis
D. The Sun
E. The Air
V. Treatments
A. Surgery
B. Radiation
C. Chemotherapy
VI. Prevention
A. Primary
B. Secondary
Cancer
History
Cancer is the second cause of death in the United States Heart
disease is the first. Each year more than a million Americans get medical
care for cancer and over 330,000 die from the disease. Cancer is one of
man?s dreaded diseases. It attacks people of all ages. Cancer kills more
children than any other disease. About 4,000 children under 15 years old
die of cancer each year. half of the deaths are from leukemia. Leukemia
is a cancer of the blood forming tissues.
Cancer has been observed in many forms of animal and plant life,
as well as in man. More than 200 kinds of cancer affect human beings
and each kind differs from the others. All cancer start in living cells.
Researchers are still looking for answers to many questions about cancer.
For instance, scientists do not know what exactly causes cancer. Once
researchers find the cause of cancer then they will be able to find ways to
cure and prevent the disease. They also want to develop better ways to
detect and treat s all forms of cancer.
In the United States, the National Cancer Institue has played a
major role in Cancer research since it was established in 1937. The
American Cancer Society also support research programs. The National
Cancer Act of 1971 expanded government efforts in cancer research.
Cancer research and control programs have made definite progress.
In 1900, cancer was almost always fatal. I the 1930?s fewer than one of
every five patients were saved. Today, doctors successfully treat one of
every three people who get cancer. Some experts believe that if all present
knowledge were used promptly in every case of cancer at least half of all
cancer patients could be saved. The American Cancer Society was
founded in 1913. The first United States cancer hospital was founded in
1884, in New York City. Which later became the Memorial Hospital in
1889. The very first cancer hospital was founded in Reims, France in the
1700?s.
What is Cancer?
Cancer is a general term for more than 250 diseases that are
characterized by uncontrolled, abnormal growth of cells. Cancer cells can
spread through the blood and the clear fuild that bathes body cells called
lymph to start new cancers in other parts of the body. Normal cells can
convert to abnormal cancer cells. Cancer cells reproduce more rapidly
than normal cells and ignore normal regulations of when, how, and where
to grow. Normal cells are more concerned with function than growth.
Cancer cells are more concerned with growth than function. Cancer cells
seem to be able to grow anywhere in the body. Different kinds of cancer
grow at different rates and respond to different kinds of treatments. But
all produce use less tissue and keep normal cells from getting
nourishment. Cancer cells that are not treated displace normal cells and
eventually destroy them.
Types of Cancer
There are about 250 different types of cancers that exist. They are
classified into two ways, one is the part of the body where the cancer cells
first develop and the second the type of body tissue where the cancer
begins. Cancer that starts in the tissue that forms the skin and linings of
the body organs is called carcinoma. Cancers of the skin, breast, and body
systems are carcinomas and are the most common cancer that begins in
the tissue that forms the body?s supporting structures is sarcoma. Some
examples are bones, muscles and catalogue.
Other types of cancer are skin, lung, colo-retal which is colon
cancer, breast, uterine-Cervix, ovary, vaginal, testicular, mouth and
throat, larynx, exophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and bone. There are
many more. The most common for young people are osteogenic sarcoma
which is known as bone cancer, Ewings sarcoma another bone cancer,
lymphomas, and rhadomyosarcoma.
How Cancer Is Diagnosed
Cancer has often been called the silent killer. It gives no warning of it?s
presence in the early stages. Cancer can be diagnosed during a physical
examination. In woman a doctor can check for cancer of the cervix and
the uterine by a pap smear test. The doctor can also use X-ray technology
to detect cancer. A diopsy is another method of accurately diagnosing
cancer. Doctors urge that every person have at least one complete physical
each year.
Seven Warning Signs
There are seven warning signs that a person should be aware of:
Unusual bleeding or discharge
A lump or thickening in the breast or elsewhere
A sore that does not heal.
Change in bowel or bladder habits.
Hoarseness or a continuing cough.
Indigestion or difficulty in swallowing.
Change in a wart or mole.
Any of these symptoms one should consult a doctor promptly. The early
detection of cancer the better.
Possible Causes Of Cancer
No one know exactly what causes cancer. Most scientists believe
that there is no single cause and that many factors maybe involed. A
person?s work or place where he or she lives may contribute to the disease.
People who are frequently in contact with certain knids of chemicals may
develop the disease. Manufacturers whose products require the use of
carcinogens which are cancer-producing substances, take steps to safe
guard workers against exposure to them. Carcinogens consist of
humanmade and natural chemicals found in small quantities in the air,
water, food, and the work place. It has been difficult proving that viruses
are the cause of cancer. So viruses don?t play a big role in causing
cancer, yet. Some doctors believe that a tendency to develop certain types
of cancer may be inherited. The skin is greatly effected the sun. The
ultraviolet radiation from the sun harms the skin because of the direct
exopsure to sunlight. Lung cancer has shown the greatest increase of any
form of cancer in the past 35 years. We inhale about 20 breaths per
minute. The air we breathe is directly related to our quality of health.
Cigarette smoking and air pollution are two main factoers that are
increasing lung cancer. Industrail wastes, automobile exhausts, and
household sources cause air pollutions.
Treatments Of Cancer
Cancer treatment has improved tremedously in the past 50 years. In
the 1930?s the disease was stopped in only about 20% of cancer patients.
Now that percentage is about 41%. Surgery has been used to treat breast
and intestinal cancer. This method has been successful. Surgery has
cured more cancers than radiation and chemotherapy. Radiation is
successfull in stopping some forms of cancer such as cervical cancer.
Cobalt units are used in the treatment of radiation. It penetrates a tumor
without damaging the skin. These two methids, radiation and surgery are
used when the cancer is located in a local spot that has not spread through
the body. Chemotherapy is used to destroy malignant cells without
excessive destruction of the normal cells. Some risks of chemotherapy are
severe nausea, vomitting, and the loss of hair on head.
Preventions
There are some possible prevenions in getting cancer. Primary and
Secondary prevention are some possibilities. Primary prevention is the
absence of disease. It is the steps taken to prevent a disease from ever
developing. Primary prevention is health and wellness. Secondary
prevention is early detection or screening. Such as getting a pap smear
test for detectio of early cervical cancer. Preventions begin with the
individual and includes healthy eating habits, moderate alcohol
consumption regular physical activity, avoidance of cigarette smoking,
regular medical checkups and minimizing exposure to pollutants in the
air, water, and food. It is never too late to begin. Cancer can be avoided.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Understanding Cancer, Mark Renneker M.D., 1988
Bull Publishing Company
Cancer and Nutrition, Elizabeth Somer, MA, RD, 1990
Health Media of America, Inc.
Glencoe Health, Mary Bronson Merki, Ph.D., Don Merki, Ph.D.
Glencoe Publishing Company
The World Book Encyclopedia, Vol 3,
Enterprises Education Corporation, 1986
Другие работы по теме:
What Causes Cancer Essay Research Paper Cancer
What Causes Cancer? Essay, Research Paper Cancer is the number one killer in America today.We can say the known causes of cancer are radiation,sunlight,pollution,cigarette smokingand improper diets.I will explain the major causes of cancer,but before I proceed let me define the term “cancer.”To be defined cancer is an abnormal,uncontrolled growth of cells that can spread beyond their natural boundaries to other parts of the body.Cancers can develop in numerous parts of the body.
Cancer Essay Research Paper CancerHippocrates gave cancer
Cancer Essay, Research Paper Cancer Hippocrates gave cancer ( Greek for crab ) its name because it spread through tissues like the movements of a crab. At first oncogenes, genes with highly specialized functions were said to be the ” cancer genes “. This of course was wrong as oncogenes promote normal cell division and growth as well as the repair and replacement of damaged cells.
Emily Essay Research Paper Emily and I
Emily Essay, Research Paper Emily and I were in love. She lived in North Carolina and I lived in Ohio. It wasn’t an easy relationship. We communicated often. We met in August. She was diagnosed with cancer in her knee in December. It started in her knee, but had spread too much through out her body. She was dying.
The Radon Problem Essay Research Paper THE
The Radon Problem Essay, Research Paper THE RADON PROBLEM You can’t see radon. And you can’t smell or taste it, but it may very well be a problem in your home. It is estimated to cause many thousands of deaths each year. Radon is a cancer-causing, radioactive gas, and when you breathe air containing the gas, you can get lung cancer.
Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper An estimated
Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper An estimated 146,000 Americans died of lung cancer in 1992, and 90 percent of these deaths were caused by cigarette smoking. Smoking is responsible for about30 percent of all cancer deaths annually in the United States more than 155,000 each year. If smoking-related cancers could be eliminated from our society, wewould see a significant decline in the annual cancer death rate instead of small but steady increases.
Cancer The Crab Essay Research Paper Cancer
Cancer: The Crab Essay, Research Paper Cancer: The Crab Cancer is a constellation, also known as the crab. You can see the stars that make up cancer during the winter in the eastern
Untitled Essay Research Paper NonHodgkins Lymphoma
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Non-Hodgkin?s Lymphoma Non-Hodgkin?s lymphoma is a disease in which cancer calls are found in the lymphsystem. The lymph system fights infections found in the body. People with AIDStend to pick up this disease. There are no specific early detections for this disease.Every body is different, and this disease is already difficult to diagnose.
How Secondhand Smoking Affects Us Essay Research
Paper How Secondhand Smoking Affects Us As most of you know, smoking is bad for your health, but what some of you might not know is that you don t actually have to smoke to be harmed by smoking. Lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer deaths in men and women, is mainly caused by cigarette smoking. Secondhand smoking causes approximately 2 percent of lung cancer deaths each year.
Electromagnetic Waves Essay Research Paper I went
Electromagnetic Waves Essay, Research Paper I went to Hawaii on vacation to get a tan, but I got something else instead. Ultraviolet rays are stronger, and hotter near the equator. When I got home I got x-rays. I was sent for treatment with gamma rays. Wow! What a vacation.
Dna Age Altering Essay Research Paper Scientists
Dna Age Altering Essay, Research Paper Scientists Find New Lease of Life Scientists in the United States say they have been able to make human cells live longer by altering their genetic material. The research may offer renewed hope for age-related illnesses and the fight against cancer.
Cancer Essay Research Paper Jon Smith I
Cancer Essay, Research Paper Jon Smith I am reminded, as I recall early childhood, the voice of my mother telling me how wonderful positive attitudes are. She would speak of how anything could be fun if you just have the right mindset, even going to Sunday night church, Tuesday night AWANA Clubs and Wednesday night prayer meeting.
Plutonium Essay Research Paper Plutonium239 an isotope
Plutonium Essay, Research Paper Plutonium-239 (an isotope of plutonium) is used in making nuclear weapons. Plutonium- 238 is used to power equipment on the moon by means of the heat it emits. Plutonium is also used in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers.
Aggressive And Witty Essay Research Paper Aggressive
Aggressive And Witty Essay, Research Paper Aggressive and Witty Margaret Edson’s play W;t tells a compelling story of Dr. Vivian Bearing who is the main character. She is a renowned professor of seventeenth-century poetry, specializing in the Holy Sonnets by John Donne. Ms. Bearing is diagnosed with deadly ovarian cancer that will eventually take her life.
Cancer Essay Research Paper I can still
Cancer? Essay, Research Paper I can still hear the medical tape being slowly pulled off of her skin. I was only ten the fact that my mother could die never entered my realm of thinking. It would take eight more years for me to fully understand and respect the physical and mental struggles my mother had gone through with her fight against Breast Cancer.
Edward Taylor Essay Research Paper I IntroductionA
Edward Taylor Essay, Research Paper I. Introduction A. Biographical info on author 1. born in LeiceSterchire in 1642 2. Came to New England in 1668 3. graduated from Harvard I 1671 where he studied divinity
Diet And Cancer
… What Is The Link? Essay, Research Paper Diet and Cancer… What is the Link? Today we know that too much of a certain type of foods can have harmful effects on our health and well-being and we are learning that diseases such as
Lung Cancer Essay Research Paper Lung cancer 2
Lung Cancer Essay, Research Paper ?Lung cancer is an uncontrolled, extremely deadly division of cells in the lung? (World Book, ?Lung Cancer?). The two major types of lung cancer include small and non-small cell. Many different risk factors contribute to lung cancer. There are numerous symptoms that are difficult to detect in the early stages of lung cancer.
The Prevalence Of Breast Cancer Among Black
Women Essay, Research Paper Exploring the Growth of Breast Cancer Among African American Women Breast cancer develops as an abnormal growth of cells accumulate within the breast. Recent studies have proven that White
The War On Cancer Essay Research Paper
The War on Cancer Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor-repressor gene, the genes that control cell division. A mutation in proto-oncogenes increases cell division, while in the tumor-repressor gene inhibits cell division. A mutation in either of these can cause a cell to divide rapidly.
Prostate Cancer Essay Research Paper Prostate cancer
Prostate Cancer Essay, Research Paper Prostate cancer is a common form of cancer that has affected most every man whether he knows it or not. There are many factors and risks that can lead to this deadly cancer. With
Colon Cancer Essay Research Paper MN Talking
Colon Cancer Essay, Research Paper MN Talking Points On Colon Cancer Treatment and Prevention As representatives of the citizens of New York State, we have a responsibility to ensure that everyone has access to the highest quality health care possible.
The Dangers Of Wanting A Dark Tan
Essay, Research Paper Skin Cancer:”The Dangers of Wanting a Dark Tan.”Have you ever been to a beach or water park and seen all the teenagers with dark, almost tropical tans? Though the look is appealing, every time you go out into the sun with unprotected skin you are putting yourself at risk of skin cancer. Most people don’t think about it, but with today’s pollution and deteriorating ozone, skin cancer is becoming ever more prevalent.
Broccoli Essay Research Paper BroccoliBroccoli is a
Broccoli Essay, Research Paper BroccoliBroccoli is a very healthy vegetable that contains a variety of vitamins and phyto-chemicals that can help prevent diseases. Broccoli is one of the healthiest foods among the food group. Vitamins A and B are contained in Broccoli. It has been known to help prevent cancer, as well as other diseases.
Conquering Cancer Essay Research Paper Conquering CancerOne
Conquering Cancer Essay, Research Paper Conquering Cancer One of the first scientists to prove that cancer is genetic was Biologist, Dr. Weinburg. In Weinburg s experiment he took cancerous cells from rats brains and mixed their DNA with that of normal cells. The result was that the cells became cancerous, proving that cancer is in genes.
Terry Fox Essay Research Paper Terry Fox
Terry Fox Essay, Research Paper Terry Fox was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, but raised in Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, a community near Vancouver on Canada’s west coast. As an active teenager involved in many sports, in 1977 Terry was only 18 years old when he was diagnosed with bone cancer and forced to have his right leg amputated six inches above the knee.
Cancer Cells Essay Research Paper Cancerous cells
Cancer Cells Essay, Research Paper Cancerous cells develop when conditions for cells are favorable, therefore allowing the divisions to continually occur, never stopping. When this happens, a tissue mass of cells called a tumor is formed and does not respond to normal controls regarding cell growth. Cancer cells have the following characteristics: profound changes in the plasma and membrane cytoplasm, abnormal growth and division weakened capacity for adhesion, and lethality.