Japanese Internment Camps Essay, Research Paper
Japanese Internment in Canada
The first recorded Japanese immigration to Canada was in 1877. By 1901 the population grew to 4,138, mostly single men that came to Canada searching for jobs. As the immigration so did the discrimination against the Japanese. In the two following decades following the arrival of the first immigrants, the Japanese in British Columbia who established themselves in mining, railroading, lumbering and fishing faced severe discrimination. Those on railways were allowed to do construction, maintenance and dining car service, but were excluded from higher, better paid positions such as an engineer. Following the Duff Commission of 1922, licences issued to Japanese fishermen were cut by one-third, many Japanese turned to agriculture as the only industry which was opened to them.
In 1938 there was a group formed; the Japanese Canadian Citizens League to secure political and economic rights and to fight discriminatory legislation. Discrimination and prejudice was as harsh in western Canada as it was on the west coast of the United States, especially in California. *It became worse when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941, 7:58 A.M., Hawaii time, dive bombers and fighters from six aircraft carriers commanded by Admiral Yamamoto of the Japanese Navy struck without warning and devastated the huge United States Pacific battleship fleet. From the moment that Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, it had such a devastating impact upon more than 22,000 persons of Japanese ancestry that were living in British Columbia. All that they had achieved in the sixty-four years since the first Japanese arrived on Canadian shores, was blasted away to nothing, they had now become ‘enemy aliens’. The fears, fueled by long-standing racism against the Japanese, produced a climate of suspicion and hate ( *Which has been described as “mass hysteria and prejudice.”) Japan’s only strike against Canada was a submarine shelling of a Vancouver Island lighthouse in June 1942. Meanwhile in Canada on the same day as the Japanese attacked the United States, the first Japanese were arrested by the Royal Canadian Mounted police. The schools and newspapers of the community are shut down. Fishing boats and automobiles are impounded, radios and cameras confiscated, and dusk to dawn curfew imposed. On January 14th, 1942, the federal government ordered the evacuation of all male nationals between the ages of 18 and 45. Many men resisted the evacuation order, hoping to remain with their families. Those who did were sent to a concentration camp in Angler, Ontario. One hundred percent civilians, guilty of no offence against national security, they are put behind barbed wire, subjected to forced labour and required to wear special issue uniforms-the circles on the men’s backs are targets in case of escape attempts. By July 1942, the British Columbia Security Commission decides to allow evacuation by family units and married men are allowed to rejoin their families. Those in Angler, however, remain interned. By October 1942, 22,000 people were displaced from their homes, torn from their livelihood, and stripped of all rights. Some were relocated to eastern Canada others were interned in places like Alger, and 11,694 Japanese had been transported to the interior of British Columbia.
Unlike the American evacuation effort, the Canadian evacuation effort expected the Japanese to pay for their own internment. The British Columbia Security Commission expected the Japanese to support themselves, so all property owned by Japanese was liquidated to supply funds for this purpose. Food and clothing allowances were made available depending on income, but food was expensive and wages were kept low because of public pressure-the Canadian government spent one-fourth as much per evacuee as did the US government during the war years. Like their American cousins the evacuees settled in, improvised and tried to carry on with their lives. They had all of their belongings taken away from them if they didn’t sell them within several days, if that. The Japanese had to sell their houses for two hundred dollars, if they were lucky enough to get that with all of their things inside as a part of the deal. And the government let this happen. On March 27th, 1942, an order-in-council was issued giving the Custodian of Enemy Alien Property the power to liquidate, sell or otherwise dispose of such property, Japanese property (not even the Americans did that to the Japanese). Most Japanese never heard of this happening and were never informed. The Japanese understood that their possessions were in the hands of the Custodian until war’s end for safekeeping.
Safekeeping to the Japanese meant that their homes, businesses, farms, possessions, everything, would be kept safe. And yet looting, theft, and the auction block stripped then of everything they left behind. This misunderstanding was a source of great bitterness among many Japanese, men, women and whose labour of years went for practically nothing.
On August 4th, 1944, Prime Minister Mackenzie King told the House of Commons that no act of subversion or sabotage had been found before or during the war by the Japanese. That was the good news, the bad news was that the government would now institute a voluntary system of deportation to Japan, regardless of citizenship. Every Japanese Canadian over sixteen was asked if he wanted to stay in Canada or be voluntarily deported to Japan. Those under sixteen would automatically follow their parents’ decision. The Japanese in British Columbia were told that refusal to go East of the Rockies if they did not wish to go to Japan could be looked upon in future as an act disloyal to Canada. In the fist step, the signing, 81 percent of the Japanese in British Columbia volunteered to go to Japan. Of course, 40 percent of these were children who had no say in the matter. The figure of 81 percent astonished many Japanese East of the Rockies, where only 15 percent, including children, had signed for voluntary repatriation. A total of 10,632 signed for repatriation, including 3,740 dependent children. The deportation was to be carried out under three order-in-council, issued under the terms of the War Measures Act, that all-embracing piece of legislation with which the government carried out the war.
The Japanese were given homes in the camps, homes meaning the size of a garage. Eight people would be assigned to eat ‘home’; each home would be about twelve feet by fifteen or sixteen feet. It was so cold in the winter that they had to fight over the cardboard boxes that came in the camps for insulation. They weren’t allow to bury the dead in single graves, it depended on the camps, some would put them in mass graves, and others would just be cremated, their was no choice.
Until 1949 it was illegal for the Japanese Canadians to return to British Columbia, despite the end of the war. Also for several years after the war, the Japanese still had to report to the RCMP if they planned of traveling more than 50 miles anywhere. Even Japanese Canadian veterans still had to carry registration cards. Hundreds of the Japanese were very bitter over the small sums they got for the property held for ’safekeeping’, and sold without their consent. By 1949, all of the barriers were gone. British Columbia even granted the Japanese the right to vote. But the pattern of the Japanese Canadian settlement had changed, most of them moved into the growing city of Toronto and after being granted their full citizenship, they did very well in life.
Другие работы по теме:
To Be Or Not Be Essay Research
Paper Snow Falling on Cedar Friday, July 16th 3:00-3:45 Pg. 113-133 They talk about Japanese immigrants who worked on Strawberry plantation fields. They also talk about Japanese culture and weddings. In this chapter they also mention Hastue (Japanese girl) and her relationship with Ishmael Chambers.
Origami Essay Research Paper Origami pronounced oriGAme
Origami Essay, Research Paper Origami (pronounced or-i-GA-me) is the Japanese art of paperfolding. “Ori” is the Japanese word for folding and “kami” is the Japanese word for paper. That is how origami got its name. However, origami did not start in Japan. It began in China in the first or second century and then spread to Japan sometime during the sixth century.
Computer Education Essay Research Paper Back to
Computer Education Essay, Research Paper Back to the 1940s, the modern electronic computer was developed at U.S. universities; however, in the year, there was no computer education yet. It needed more 10 years to have computer education. The period of the computer revolution was 1950 in the U.S.. Computer education began in the middle of the 1950s with an organized body of knowledge.
Japanese Internment Essay Research Paper One of
Japanese Internment Essay, Research Paper One of the original arguments for adding a Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution was that it was needed to protect individuals and minority groups from a potential ?tyranny of the majority.? Did it work? Well, it depends on your viewpoint. Whether it was the Americans or the African-Americans, the Native Americans, or the Japanese Americans.
An Essay On The Return To Manzanar
Book Essay, Research Paper Manzanar Essay Way back when during World War II the United States grew conflicts with many other nations. One of those conflicts was with Japan. The Americans discriminated against the Japanese because of the fact that they bombed Pearl Harbor. When we discriminated against them we called them names and did not include them into our life.
Internment Essay Research Paper During World War
Internment Essay, Research Paper During World War II, approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans were evacuated from theirhomes and businesses to internment camps scattered throughout the interior of the United States.Executive Order 9066, signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in February of 1942, ordered thatall Japanese Americans be evacuated from the West Coast.
Citizen Essay Research Paper Citizen 13660The move
Citizen Essay, Research Paper Citizen 13660 The move to the internment camps was a difficult journey for many Japanese-Americans. Many of them were taken from their homes and were allowed only to bring a few belongings. Okubo colorfully illustrates the dramatic adjustment of lifestyle that Japanese-Americans had to make during the war.
Treatment Of The Prisoners In The Concentration
Camps Essay, Research Paper Interdisciplinary Research Research Proposal The Treatment of the Prisoners in the Concentration Camps The topic that I plan to focus on in my research paper is treatment inside different concentration camps during the Holocaust. I plan to focus on three different camps, but I have not narrowed down my choices yet.
Snow Falliing On Cedars Essay Research Paper
The book Snow Falling on Cedars is about a Japanese man Kabuo Miyanmoto who is on trial for murder. He is accused of murdering a white man, Carl Heine. Much of the story is told through the memories of various characters. It is set in the 1050’s in Puget Sound on a fictional island called San Piedro. I think Snow Falling on Cedars was an excellent book.
Japanese Canadian During The WWII Essay Research
Paper Topic: Japanese Canadians during World War II During the World War II, there was more than 6 millions of Jews killed by Nazi, most of them killed in the concentration camp A place where selected groups of people confined, usually for political reasons. Concentration camps are also known by various other names such as corrective labor camps, relocation centers, reception camp.
Japan An Independent Dependant Nation Essay Research
Paper Japan: An Independent Dependant Nation The main element of Japanese culture is their idea of a “family” oriented nation. There is no focus on the individual. In the Japanese culture your job comes before your wife and children, your wife and children come before you, and you come before nothing. There is no individual separation; there is only group separation.
Japanese Government Essay Research Paper The Japanese
Japanese Government Essay, Research Paper The Japanese prime minister is ultimately responsible to the people of the nation. The prime minister shares responsibility with all the cabinet members, but they do not answer directly to the people but to the legislature. If the legislators stop supporting the cabinet at any time, a vote of no confidence is passed and either the cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, must resign, or the prime minister must call a general election.
Japanesse Internment Camps Essay Research Paper The
Japanesse Internment Camps Essay, Research Paper The following summary of the experiences of the Canadian Nikkei comes from the book, A Dream Of Riches, 1978, The Japanese Canadian Centennial Project, Gilchrist Wright
Japanese Internment Camps Essay Research Paper A
Japanese Internment Camps Essay, Research Paper A Loaded Weapon Japanese Relocation Note: these are answers to questions regarding the reading “A Loaded Weapon: Japanese Relocation,” but the answers have the questions within them.
World War Ii 3 Essay Research Paper
World War II and Beyond World War II started when Germany s new dictator, Hitler, arrived. He believed that pure Germans were a superior race. He allied with Italy and Japan forming the Axis powers. Meanwhile, Britain and France, the Allies, were fighting with the Axis powers. After Pearl Harbor was bombed by the Japanese, the United States Joined World War II.
Japanese Art Essay Research Paper Japan has
Japanese Art Essay, Research Paper Japan has been subject to sudden invasions of new ideas and cultures followed by long periods of minimal contact with the outside world. Over time the Japanese developed the ability to absorb, imitate, and finally learn those elements of foreign culture that balance their artistic preferences.
Journey To Topaz Essay Research Paper JOURNEY
Journey To Topaz Essay, Research Paper JOURNEY TO TOPAZ This book, A Journey to Topaz, involves an eleven year old girl named Yuki Chan who lives in California. Up until this point she was a perfectly happy girl and had many friends. But then, one day, Japan bombed America and all of the Japanese were taken to camps, including Yuki.
War Measures Act Essay Research Paper War
War Measures Act Essay, Research Paper War Measures Act: 1942 As the Wong s were lead away from their house the general in charge was promising the family that they were only doing this as a precaution and that their house would be there awaiting there return when the government thought it to be appropriate. But Mr.
Farewell To Manzanar Essay Research Paper I
Farewell To Manzanar Essay, Research Paper I decided to read, Farewell to Manzanar by Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston. This book is about the Japanese internment camps that were set up in
Farewell To Manzanar Essay Research Paper Farewell
Farewell To Manzanar Essay, Research Paper Farewell to Manzanar Jeanne Wakatsuki Houston and James D. Houston’s novel, Farewell to Manzanar ,discusses the internment of Japanese-American people in a relocation camp from 1943-1945. The autobiographical work reveals, through the eyes of a Japanese American teenage girl, her inner struggle with her identity as a person of the Japanese race living in California during World War II.
Review Of Snow Falling On Cedars Essay
, Research Paper Snow Falling On Cedars During the dark days of World War II, our government made a decision, based on prejudice and fear, to intern Japanese Americans. These interment camps were largely based in the Northwest. Hardworking citizens were forcibly taken from their jobs and homes and held against their will.
Was The Internment Of Japanese Canadainas During
World War 2 Justified Essay, Research Paper By the eve of Pearl Harbor, nearly 23,000 people of Japanese descent lived in Canada, principally in British Columbia. Three quarters of these people were Canadian born citizens. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese Army, the Canadian government put the War Measures Act in effect and interned all of Canada s Nikkei.
Japanese Internment Essay Research Paper The Japanese
Japanese Internment Essay, Research Paper The Japanese Internment Throughout history, Canada has relatively been a supporter of multiculturalism. In the past Canada has had very few racial conflict, although there has been one incident which has had quite a controversial effect about human rights violations and discrimination.
Japanese Internment During Wor Essay Research Paper
In May of 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which called for the eviction and internment of all Japanese Americans. After Pearl Harbor, all Japanese were looked upon as being a threat to
Japanese Internment Camps Essay Research Paper On
Japanese Internment Camps Essay, Research Paper On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D.Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which called for the eviction and internment of all Japanese Americans. After Pearl Harbor, all Japanese were looked upon as being capable of sabotage. The interments began in April 1942.
Ameratsu Essay Research Paper Amaterasu is the
Ameratsu Essay, Research Paper Amaterasu is the supreme deity of the Japanese religion of Shintoism and the legendary ancestor of Japan’s imperial family. The full name of this deity is Amaterasu Omikami. This means in Japanese the Great Spirit Illuminating the Heavens.
Freedom And Rights Essay Research Paper Freedom
Freedom And Rights Essay, Research Paper Freedom and Rights How would you feel if your individual rights and freedoms were stripped from you during a national crisis? In many countries, the people s individual rights and freedoms are supposed to be protected by the government. But, in some cases, those individual rights and freedoms were taken away from the people during a national crisis.
Japanese Museum Essay Research Paper The museum
Japanese Museum Essay, Research Paper The museum I visited was the Japanese-American National Museum in Little Tokyo. I kind of excited when I visited the Japanese-American National Museum because it was my first time to go to museum. I felt that Japanese-American Museum was really exquisite in its presentation.
The Japanese Internment Essay Research Paper During
The Japanese Internment Essay, Research Paper During World War II, Canada was at war with Germany and Italy. Canada was fighting to protect the lifestyle that its citizens had become accustomed to. The soldiers in WW II gave their lives for the good of their great nation. Canada was also facing a major threat in the Pacific.
The Need For An Anglo American Lifestyle
Essay, Research Paper P.J. King Patty Wangler English III November 11, 1996 The Need for an Anglo American Lifestyle While many cultures have successfully assimilated into Anglo-American society, there are other cultures whom have found assimilation either impossible or ho have chosen not to fully assimilate, yet retain their own culture, while reaping the benefits of the American lifestyle.
Cars In The United States Essay Research
Paper American Cars and Japanese Cars Most people have their prefrences on what kind of car they want to buy. Japenese cars and American cars are the most popular kind of cars in America. They both have their
Japanese Canadians Essay Research Paper Japanese Internment
Japanese Canadians Essay, Research Paper Japanese Internment of WW2 They spoke of the Japanese Canadians, Escott Reid, a special assistant at External Affairs, would recall, in the way that the Nazi s would have spoken about Jewish Germans. Just like in that statement, I intend to expose you to the ways that the Japanese were wronged by Canadians throughout the Second World War.
And Another World War II Essay Research
Paper Essay on World War 2 War is one of the most tragic things in our world today. It is even sadder that usually it comes around at least once in our lifetime. In the 20th century alone