Fallen Empires Essay, Research Paper
La historia de la humanidad ofrece temas de estudio que contribuyen al ascenso del nivel cultural del individuo, lo cual lo capacita a ser una persona capaz de evitar y solucionar situaciones que limitaran su buen desarrollo general.
La existencia de tres grandes imperios como lo fueron el IMPERIO GRIEGO, EL IMPERIO ROMANO, Y EL IMPERIO RUSO; los cuales siendo imperios de distintas ?pocas, distintas culturas y distintos territorios; muestran rasgos en com?n. ?stos rasgos no solo fueron presentes durante su creaci?n, su periodo de actuaci?n, sino tambi?n durante su ca?da.
Dentro de las caracter?sticas en com?n de las ca?das de los imperios se encuentran entre otras:
aEl tama?o de los imperios.
aGuerras dentro de los imperios.
aGran separaci?n entre clases sociales.
aPobres niveles de comunicaci?n dentro del imperio.
Analizando las extensiones territoriales de los tres imperios nos encontramos con que los tres empezaron como una potencia concentrada en una ?rea considerablemente peque?a comparada con el tama?o m?ximo que obtuvieron. Por ejemplo, en 1917, despu?s de la revoluci?n Rusa, la Uni?n de Rep?blicas Socialistas Sovi?ticas fue formada mediante la confederaci?n de 15 estados del este de Europa y Asia, siendo ?ste el pa?s m?s grande del mundo. Igualmente sucedi? dentro del imperio Romano, el cual por medio de un gran numero de batallas alcanz? controlar bastas extensiones territoriales, las cuales en su mayor?a circundaban el Mar Mediterr?neo, el Mar Negro, y el Canal de la Mancha. Grecia por su cuenta alcanzo a obtener parte de lo que luego fue el Imperio Romano; como por ejemplo la isla de Sicilia y Creta, y adem?s lo que se conoce en el presente como Turqu?a, Bulgaria, Albania, etc.
El gran tama?o de los imperios contribuy? en el deterioro de estos debido a que la comunicaci?n entre sus territorios, el emperador, dirigentes regionales y las milicias era dificultosa. Adem?s las separaciones geogr?ficas crearon un esp?ritu de individualismo dentro de las mismas, donde el poder del emperador se fue deteriorando y se fueron formando gobiernos propios dentro de los imperios. Otro problema era que para el imperio tener fuerzas militares en todo su territorio era muy costoso, la falta de fuerzas provocaba debilidades en sus fronteras; y por los problemas de comunicaci?n el imperio no pod?a responder de manera eficiente ante guerras en algunos de sus territorios.
El esp?ritu de individualismo dentro de los Imperios, cre? rivalidades entre los territorios, lo cual los llev? a batallarse entre ellos mismos y de esta forma los imperios eran cada vez m?s d?biles. Esta rivalidad entre los territorios, lleg? a un punto cr?tico donde empezaron a haber guerras civiles las cuales contribuyeron al deterioro, y finalmente a la ca?da de los imperios. Despu?s de 74 a?os como la Uni?n Sovi?tica, los tres territorios B?lticos: Estonia, Latvia y Lithuania, comenzaron una revoluci?n hacia la democracia; mediante su revoluci?n ?stos lograron separarse y declararon su independencia. De los 12 territorios restantes, solo dos permanecieron unidos, Kazakhstan y Kisghizia; cuales bajo un solo gobierno asumieron el nombre de Kyrgyztan. Similarmente, dentro del Imperio Griego hubo dificultades. Esparta, la ciudad suprema entre los territorios Griegos, comenz? a tener problemas manteniendo a los otros territorios bajo su control; en la batalla de Leuctra en el a?o 360 a.C., los Tebanos bajo el comando de Epaminondas, trajeron el fin de Esparta. Debido a esta batalla, el imperio completo se debilit?. El Rey Felipe de Macedonia, al ver la debilidad tra?da por la desuni?n de los territorios Griegos, decidi? apoderarse del imperio; los Griegos apenas recuper?ndose de sus batallas internas no pudieron defenderse. En el a?o 338 a.C. en la batalla de Chaeronea, Felipe concluy? su conquista y esto marc? el fin del imperio Griego.
Siguiendo la muerte del Emperador Romano Nero, en el a?o 68 A.D., hubo un periodo de guerra entre comandantes militares quienes quer?an el poder del imperio; como resultado de estas guerras civiles, Vespasian obtuvo el control del imperio, pero no todos quedaron complacidos. Diocletian, uno de los 27 emperadores nombrados por el senado, logr? separar el imperio en dos mitades; la mitad del este, donde ?l gobernaba y la del oeste cual ?l cedi? a un asociado. Esta separaci?n debilit? el imperio y Constantino se apoder? de la mitad del oeste la cual ?l nombr? como Constantinopla; la mitad del este, luego fue atacada por los b?rbaros del norte donde poco a poco estos tomaron m?s y m?s terreno, acabando con lo que quedaba del Imperio Romano.
El problema de la separaci?n entre clases sociales dentro de los imperios, tambi?n fue eminente en el fin de estos. Como por ejemplo en el Imperio Romano, donde la separaci?n entre los ricos y los pobres contribuy? a las causas de la divisi?n de ?ste. La clase alta y propietarios de tierras consegu?an como incrementar sus territorios, apoderarse de las mejores tierras y engrandecer sus hatos, monopolizando as? la agricultura y el ganado; mientras que la clase baja se consegu?a pidiendo prestamos a la burgues?a para poderse mantener a flote, al no poder regresar el dinero proporcionado, estos terminaban pagando con sus servicios como esclavos de los prestamistas o hasta pod?an terminar encarcelados hasta cumplir con el regreso del pr?stamo. ?stos, en el a?o 367 a.C., comenzaron una revoluci?n en contra de la injusticia de las leyes del imperio hacia los Pelvianos y amenazaron con unirse y emigrar a territorios fuera del imperio. Esta constante batalla entre los Pelvianos y los Elites, cre? fragilidades tangibles dentro del Imperio Romano.
La historia muestra que las ruinas que solo parecen quedar de estos grandes imperios, viene dadas por algunas causas comunes de lo cual se puede aprender que la humanidad a cometido errores los cuales no se deber?an repetir.
40b
La historia muestra que las ruinas que solo parecen quedar de estos grandes imperios, viene dadas por algunas causas comunes de lo cual se puede aprender que la humanidad a cometido errores los cuales no se deber?an repetir.
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