Salmon Essay, Research Paper
A number of recent studies shown the fact that many stocks of Pacific salmon are threatened with extinction. For example, the Wilderness Society estimates that naturally reproducing Pacific salmon are mostly extinct or imperiled in 56% of their historic range in the pacific Northwest and California.(Francis, Mantua, Hare) because of this fact, many scientists are trying to determine the areas of risk for North Pacific salmon population and find the ways to reduce the risk in these areas.
May be the most important thing in such a research is to determine the factors we consider to be risky and what risk is.
The word risk can mean more than one thing. It can mean a specific undesirable outcome or some measure of the effect of that bad outcome, such as the loss of some amount of money in gamble. Risk can also mean the probability or chance that this outcome will occur. We use the word risk to mean an economical measure of the amount lost when an undesirable outcome occurs. Understanding the biology of salmon links us to the possible outcomes resulting from our actions. Understandings of the services humans expect to derive from salmon and other animals, links us to what we might lose under various unwanted outcomes.
A very important point is that it is not the risk to salmon stocks that will motivate expensive conservation actions; it is the risk to benefits these salmon populations afford humans. Obvious services are things like inputs to commercial, subsistence, or recreational fisheries. Less obvious services that many humans desire are ecological inputs like providing food for bears and other wildlife or just the esthetic value of their existence. Most people can see how salmon is important to people now and important to people in future. Also in future salmon can be
Marine Factors
The complex events and processes that control growth and survival of salmon stocks during marine residence according to Shelton and Koenings include 2 important phases: (1) nearshore rearing in the initial year at sea, and (2) subsequent seasons in more offshore conditions.
The behavior of juvenile salmon upon entering salt water has evolved to optimized growth and survival. As soon as physiologically capable of withstanding full-strength seawater and having attained a needed size, young salmon generally migrate to the northern reaches of the Gulf of Alaska, a region entirely within US waters. There are several exceptions to this rule but the degree of their stability is not very clear. There are several factors that have their influence upon juvenile salmon during this stage:
1. Availability of suitable forage increases many fold as the juveniles proceed north. Forage density is 2 to 3 times greater on the continental shelf, and it increases to roughly 5-fold further north, especially in the highly productive nursery area west of Prince William Sound.
2. Ocean habitats north of the Queen Charlotte Islands exceed the range of certain known predators, such as Pacific hake Merluccuis productus and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus, which can prey heavily on juvenile salmon in the south. Predation is considered to be the most significant source of mortality for juvenile salmonids in the marine environment.
3. Water temperatures optimal for growth of juvenile salmon are often exceeded off British Colombia in June and off Southeast Alaska in July and August. Waters that are too warm decrease food-conversion efficiency in salmon. The observed active
Другие работы по теме:
Job Letter Essay Research Paper To Whom
Job Letter Essay, Research Paper To Whom It May Concern: I am enclosing a copy of my resume for your files and review. I am an individual who responds to challenges and works both independently or as a part of a team,
September 11 Essay Research Paper During the
September 11 Essay, Research Paper During the summer of tenth grade, I took a number theory course at Johns Hopkins University with students from Alaska, California, and Bogota, Colombia. My attendance of the New Jersey Governor’s School in the Sciences is another accomplishment that exemplifies my dedication to knowledge.
Mambo Number 5 Essay Research Paper Lyrics
Mambo Number 5 Essay, Research Paper Lyrics Ladies and Gentlemen, this is Mambo number five. One, two, three, four, five, everybody in the car so come on let’s ride….. To the liquor store around
Galaxies Physical Properties Essay Research Paper SummaryWe
Galaxies: Physical Properties Essay, Research Paper Summary We were given a photograph of a number of galaxies. In order to locate a particular galaxy a series of numbers were laid out vertically and a series of letters were laid out horizontally. We were also given a magnifying glass with a built in scale to measure the length of the galaxy in millimeters.
Social Ills Essay Research Paper Every society
Social Ills Essay, Research Paper Every society of every civilization known to man has had its share of social ills. Even dating back to biblical times people have struggled with an ever-increasing number of hardships. All of which have led to the downfall of its social structure. As we all know, nothing lasts forever, but with the help of strong minds and able bodies, societies can curb their ills and ?clean up their act?.
I Heard The Owl Call My NameMargaret
Craven Essay, Research Paper Margaret Craver?s novel, I Heard the Owl Call My Name, is the story of an ill, Mark Brian, who learns about life, death, and the power of love. His bishop sends him to Kingcome, an Indian village. There he learns enough of the meaning of life to be ready to die. In life people should give and share.
Element Essay Research Paper What is an
Element Essay, Research Paper What is an element: Simple substances that can not be broken down into simpler substances. What is an atom: smallest part of an element that can be identified as an element.
Poverty Essay Research Paper Ryan BjornstadWhat does
Poverty Essay, Research Paper Ryan Bjornstad What does it mean to be poor in America? There is no single description of American poverty. But for many, perhaps most, it means homes with inadequate heating, unstable plumbing, and uncertain electricity. It often means a home where some go to bed hungry and malnutrition is very frequent.
Some Reminders About The Periodic Table Essay
, Research Paper Thanks to Doc Brown of ChemHelp.Net for these great chemistry revision notes. Check out his site for more! The elements are laid out in order of Atomic Number Hydrogen, 1, H, does not readily fit into any group
Hanson Essay Research Paper Hanson
Hanson Essay, Research Paper Hanson’s first single came out in May of 1997, which was Mmmbop. The song swept over the nation. It quickly rose to number one within weeks. It stayed at number one for 8 weeks. Today, Hanson has a new album at called This Time Around! The songs on This Time around are: You Don’t Know, If Only, This Time Around, Runaway Run, Save Me, Dying to be Alive, Can’t Stop, Wish that I was There, Love Song, Sure About It, Hand in Hnad, In the City, A Song to Sing.
Sacajawea Essay Research Paper I was in
Sacajawea Essay, Research Paper I was in the tribe of the Shoeshine (also Shoshone) Indian tribe which lived in Idaho, parts of Utah and parts of Northern Nevada, and I was born in Eastern Idaho in what is now Salmon, Idaho. Everything about me is mysterious from the correct spelling and meaning of my name, to the circumstances surrounding my death.
Errors Essay Research Paper Absolute Errors Since
Errors Essay, Research Paper Absolute Errors Since no measurement is exact, there will always be the possibility of an error. Numbers are often rounded off to a certain number of significant figures or
SALMON Essay Research Paper Salmon
SALMON Essay, Research Paper Salmon They are naturally distributed throughout most of the northern hemisphere from the temperate zone to beyond the Arctic circle. Now is limited in a few rivers in eastern Maine and Canada. Pollution, impassable dams near the mouths of river, over fishing, destruction of spawning grounds through deforestation, and loss of young in power plant turbines have all contributed to the loss of this fish.
Saving The Salmon Essay Research Paper Saving
Saving The Salmon Essay, Research Paper Saving the Salmon Introduction Native Americans, the first humans in this area, have used salmon for several thousands of years. Presently, seven species of salmon are on the endangered species list. In addition to natural problems, salmon have to deal with the problems brought on by human technologies.
Wireless Application Protocol Essay Research Paper Wireless
Wireless Application Protocol Essay, Research Paper Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Background Market study has shown that the number of mobile users is exceeding the number of PC users. Some of the industry leaders have created a forum to evolve an industry standard for providing internet access to users over wireless access.
Buffon
’s Needle Essay, Research Paper Buffon’s Needle Buffon’s Needle refers to a simple Monte Carlo method for the estimation of the value of pi, 3.14159265… The idea is very simple. Suppose you have a tabletop
Homeless Essay Essay Research Paper Homeless EssayOne
Homeless Essay Essay, Research Paper Homeless Essay One of Mayor Guiliani s promises early in his candidacy was to reduce the homeless population in New York City. He has not achieved his goal. There are 90,000 people in New York City living on the streets. The number is growing more rapidly. In order to reduce this number, the causes of homelessness must be examined.
LifeS Simple Pleasure Essay Research Paper Life
Life?S Simple Pleasure Essay, Research Paper Life’s Simple PleasureWhen I was a young man, just moved out of the house, I remember going salmon fishing with a few of my buddies. It was a very competitive outing where whoever caught the biggest fish was the winner. In those days I don’t think I ever really slowed down enough to see what fishing was doing for me.
Hinduism Essay Research Paper HinduismHinduism was developed
Hinduism Essay, Research Paper Hinduism Hinduism was developed in India and is one of the largest religions in the world. Over centuries Hinduism has spread to Africa, Southeast Asia and England. Around six hundred and fifty million people practice Hinduism. Not only does it have a gigantic number of believers, it has greatly influenced many other religions.
Movie The Fan Essay Research Paper Movie
Movie: The Fan Essay, Research Paper Movie: The Fan An extraordinary film that every movie ?guru’ should see is The Fan. Putting this picture on a pedestal would be the right thing to do. My counter-
Table Patterns Essay Research Paper Table Patterns
Table Patterns Essay, Research Paper Table Patterns Q1. For the first part of this investigation into table patterns I am going to see what happens when you add the two numbers in opposite corners of
Minnows Essay Research Paper Low Temperature Effects
Minnows Essay, Research Paper Low Temperature Effects on Minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) and juvenile Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Studies have shown that freshwater minnows and juvenile Atlantic Salmon become nocturnal with increased low temperature. To determine if these species are nocturnal at low temperatures, counts of individual fishes would be taken by how many fishes are observed during the daytime taking refuge underneath rocks.