And Jane Run? Essay, Research Paper
Who exactly are Dick and Jane? Does Spot really exist? Dick, Jane, and Spot are all
characters that are used to teach Elementary School Children reading and spelling skills.
Spelling is a difficult concept to master, especially when learning the spelling of American
Standard English. “George Bernard Shaw said that the word fish might as well be spelled
ghoti–using gh as in rough, o is in women and ti as in vacation”(Glazer 99). Sometimes
the spelling of certain words can seem illogical and may have no other similar spelling in
the language. When a young child looks at these words, the student cannot use logic to
spell certain words. Learning Disabled children have a hard time conquering spelling and
it may be the hardest task for elementary school children with learning disabilities to
conquer. The question has been proposed of whether or not children with learning
disabilities need to be taught spelling differently in comparison to children without learning
disabilities. Children with learning disabilities learn at a slower pace and do need to be
taught spelling differently than students without learning disabilities.
According to the learning disability information web site,“ A learning disability is
a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in
understanding and using language spoken or written which may manifest itself in an
imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, spell, or do mathematical calculations.”
Basically, there are two parts to a learning disability: one is processing and the second
is discrepancy. Learning disabled students have a hard time understanding and
comprehending information. Learning disabled students know where they are going,
but have a hard time getting there because of the obstacles they face getting there. It is
like the information gets lost on the way to the brain. Discrepancy means the
connection between the learning disabled students achievement and ability. One
example the web site gives is, “ It’s kind of like a baseball player who has the ability to
hit home runs but is given a broken bat to use. He doesn’t have the chance to prove
how great he really is.” Learning disabled students are not all the same, but they all
2
have similar processing difficulties and learning difficulties. Students with learning
disabilities require more patience and one on one attention from teachers, making it
difficult for them to be in a class with children who do not have learning disabilities.
These children are usually put in special education classes where the class sizes are
smaller and the teachers are trained to teach these children.
There are three methods that must be used to teach spelling correctly and
effectively. The first is that “spelling instruction should not be restricted to a study of
relationships between letters and sounds but should also entail a comprehensive study
of the structural and semantic relationships of words”(Hodges 419). Teachers must
incorporate spelling with reading and writing. A child will not be able to further his
spelling skills unless he is continuously practicing and using his spelling knowledge.
Also, if a child is constantly reading and writing this will help the child learn certain
spelling rules that he can only learn through practice. The second “is that spelling
instruction and vocabulary instruction are two faces of the same coin, particularly for
older students. Not only does a study of English spelling contribute to spelling ability,
but the stability of English orthography makes it possible to explore other aspects of
the language” (Hodges 419). It does not benefit a student if he knows how to spell a
word, but does not understand how to use the word in his conversations or writings.
Spelling and the meanings of words must be taught together in order for the student to
apply his knowledge of the English language to his life. The third “is that individuals
make few, if any, random spelling errors. Each incorrect spelling has a cause, whether
from carelessness or from insufficient or erroneous knowledge about the written
language” (Hodges 420). There are not many random spelling errors. If a student
makes an error it is usually based on what he has learned before and bases the spelling
of an unknown word on his previous knowledge. Susan Glazer writes, “ New young
writers spell fish as fs, fes, feshe, and sometimes fx….confirming the fact that matching
3
letters with sounds can have more than one result.” (100) If teachers make students
apply their spelling knowledge to reading and writing, teach definitions along with
spelling, and correct their students spelling mistakes then the students will all be
successful spellers.
Two studies were performed in which the results proved that children with
learning disabilities need different instruction in comparison to children without
learning disabilities. The first study researched the use of spelling strategies by
elementary students with learning disabilities. Four elementary school students with
learning disabilities were used in this study and were interviewed in a group and
individually. A spelling test and a writing activity were used to determine what type of
spelling strategies were used by these students. “While one of the students discussed
using a rule based strategy, almost all of the other comments students made regarding
how they attempted to spell words and how they tried to correct misspelled words
showed that they used inappropriate strategies almost exclusively” (Darch, Soobang,
Johnson, James 19). This study shows that teachers must place importance on teaching
these students specific strategies for all types of word types and must show these
students how to apply the spelling strategies they learn. The second experiment was
the study of different teaching approaches and which one worked better in teaching
learning disabled students spelling. The two programs uses were the Spelling Mastery
Program and the Laidlaw Spelling Program. The Spelling Mastery program “teaches
students to use spelling rules in a direct, uncompromising way, and the Laidlaw
Spelling Program is a traditional that utilized writing activities based on word families,
practice in spelling words, and motivational activities” (Darch, Kim, Johnson, James
20). 30 students were used in this study and were separated into two groups, one for
the Spelling Master Program and one for the Laidlaw Spelling Program. Each group
met 12 times for instruction and then took a post test after they met for the last time.
4
“The results demonstrate the superiority of rule-based spelling
instructional program (Spelling Mastery Program) when compared to the
effectiveness of a instructional program that relies on the use of
motivational spelling activities and intensive practice writing words and
sentences without systematic introduction of spelling rules with carefully
sequenced practice. The students taught with the rule based program
became more proficient spelling words” (Darch, Kim, Johnson, James
21).
As these results show, students with learning disabilities are not able to use the
appropriate rules based spelling strategies. This study also shows that students with
learning disabilities learn better when teachers use rule-based strategies that are
intensive and skill-directed, and that provide practice and certain correction
procedures.
Westminster College proposes the following teaching strategies for children with
spelling disabilities, “individualized spelling instruction, self-correction, dialogue
journal, word prediction, speech synthesis, and games.” An example of individualizes
spelling instruction would be the teacher making an individual spelling list according to
each students weaknesses and strengths. Self-correction would be letting a student
correct their own tests and learn by their own corrections. A dialogue journal is when
“Each student has their own journal in which they can have continuous dialogue with
their teacher. The teacher can model appropriate grammar and language usage without
correcting what the student writes” (Westminster College). Word prediction is when
the student is given the first few letters of the word and must spell the rest of the word
out, this helps the student put the spelling rules he has learned into action.
5
When Hodge’s teaching methods and the teaching methods of this study are
compared the two slightly differ. Hodges does not mention teaching rules and does not
incorporate a rule based method in his teaching strategy. Hodges puts more emphasis
on making sure that the student understands the meaning and relationship of words and
not the basic rules of spelling. A rule based strategy must be taught to learning
disabled students in order for them to learn spelling. Hodges believes that spelling can
be taught through spelling activities such as Dick and Jane books, knowing the
definition of the spelling words, using the words in sentences, and using the dictionary.
This method has been proven ineffective in teaching learning disabled elementary
students. Learning disabled students learned better when they were taught spelling
rules in which they used morpheme and phoneme strategies to spell the words.
Learning disabled children are not stupid, their brain just chooses to learn a different
way in comparison to children without learning disabilities.
Why do we want to see Dick and Jane run?
Smruti Desai
12/4/00
Linguistics
Другие работы по теме:
Moby Dick Essay Essay Research Paper Moby
Moby Dick Essay Essay, Research Paper Moby Dick Essay Throughout time, people have associated their problems with with something bad that happened to them. That thing became the center of their problems by causing a lot of suffering to that person. In Moby Dick, Melville has many interpretations of what the white whale symbolizes.
The Role Of Financial Stability In The
Novel In Cold Blood Essay, Research Paper Herb Clutter and his family possess it. Dick and Perry want it. It is often associated with the ideal existence. What is “it” exactly? “It” refers to financial stability. This is the state of not having to fret about paying the bills or providing for one’s family and of not having to worry if one will eat on a given day.
Kandle Man Essay Research Paper
Tender is the Night Dick Diver is a resource for other people. Once he is used up, he is alone and far worse off than the beginning of the book. personality and charisma? the party man, the handsome initiator, he is a giver
Mobydick Essay Research Paper The meaning of
Mobydick Essay, Research Paper The meaning of the name itself is quite simple: The whale was often sighted in the vicinity of the Island of Mocha, and “Dick” was merely a generic name like “Jack” or “Tom”. The transformation of “Mocha” to “Moby” presented a greater mystery. Melville himself never explained the origin of the latter word.
Dick Prosser Essay Research Paper In The
Dick Prosser Essay, Research Paper In The Destructors the Wormsley Common Gang lashes out in a terrible manner. The gang starts off as a few young boys looking for ways to occupy themselves. At first the activities that they part in are illegal, but not hateful or mean spirited. The boys would do meaningless things like steal bus rides and calculate who stole the most at the end of the day.
Imagery In Ragged Dick Essay Research Paper
A Place to Call Home Imagery plays a big part in the success of a novel. Different writers have different styles. The good thing about imagery is it makes room for the reader to put things together. The reader is allowed to interpret the story the way that they like. “Ragged Dick”, Horatio Alger, Jr. did a great thing with imagery.
The Child
’s Hidden Tiger Essay, Research Paper In the short story The Child by Tiger, Thomas Wolfe portrays mans dark side through the unexpected madness of the seemingly good-natured Dick Prosser and the actions taken by the town people. This story is set in an era when people believed race determined the moral character of a person.
Child By Tiger Essay Research Paper Child
Child By Tiger Essay, Research Paper Child By Tiger The need for acceptance emerges in many sectors. In the work place and places of recreation, people feel stable when others accept and affirm them. Sometimes, however, this search for significance leads people to a point where they presume no one cares. Dick Prosser, likewise, feels this same outcasted fate.
The Child By Tiger Essay Research Paper
“The Child by Tiger” In “The Child by Tiger”, Wolfe does a superb job of making the story reveal a truth about human experience. Dick’s killing rampage in the short story showed how the human sole has a tendency to become violent. Characterization and excellent choice of tone and mood used in the story display how the Dick becomes violent.
The Innocence Of The Child Essay Research
Paper , has both good and evil sides. However, it is because of different environmental factors that bring out his evil side, eventually making Dick Prosser go ramped throughout the town. El, has both good and evil sides. However, it is because of different environmental factors that bring out his evil side, eventually making Dick Prosser go ramped throughout the town.
The Passing Of Grandison Essay Research Paper
Emile R. Hall III English 2071 Dr. E. Bryant Term Paper (Spring 2000) ?The Passing of Grandison? Charles W. Chestnutt?s short story, ?The Passing of Grandison?, shows the effect the masters had on their slaves and also tells the impact of the abolitionist that focused on taking slaves up north to Canada to be free.
Horatio Alger And Ragged Dick Essay Research
Paper The use of symbolism has always been a prevalent way for writers to communicate important issues to the public. It is not uncommon to read a simple children?s story and discover underlying political or moral messages, for example, Horatio Alger?s novel Ragged Dick. This story was written after the Civil War, when America experienced a period of huge industrial growth.
Moby Dick The Winding Road Essay Research
Paper Moby-Dick: The Winding Road Homosexuality portrayed in the novel, Moby-Dick, was used many times over the 135 chapters. Ishmael s encounters with Queequeg, and their subsequent marriage challenges the controversial lines of male identity in the mid-nineteenth-century. Controversial lines were in fact crossed many times in this book, and Moby-Dick critics express deep concern in the way Melville uses Queequeg as a vessel to explore homosexuality and push it along with underlying tones throughout the novel.
Hard Core LogoThe Movie Essay Research Paper
Last Shot Hard Core Logo is Bruce McDonald s film on touring with an eccentric Canadian rock group. The genius of McDonald to make this film look like a documentary was amazing. What makes this film stand out among others is it s ending. The end of the film has Joe Dick whom is played by Hugh Dillon saying It s end the tour one more shot than pours himself a shot and then kills himself with a last shot to the head.
Moby Dick Essay Research Paper What the
Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper What the item is about? The novel Moby Dick is the story of how Ishmael the narrator came to set sail on a fateful whaling voyage. He travels to Nantucket, where he visits the docks to find a ship; he discovers the Pequod. As Ishmael and his friend Queequeg make their way to board the ship, they meet a haggard looking, wild-eyed man who calls himself Elijah.
The Shining Essay Research Paper The ShiningThe
The Shining Essay, Research Paper The Shining The story take place in Colorado and begins with Jack Torrence, going to a place by the name of “The Overlook Hotel” to be the caretaker over the winter month’s,
Ragged Dick Essay Research Paper Ragged DickRagged
Ragged Dick Essay, Research Paper Ragged Dick Ragged Dick is a novel written in the 1800 s by Horatio Alger. It is a story about a young boy named Richard Hunter, also known as Ragged Dick, as he progresses though his childhood. Ragged Dick is a typical Rags to Riches story where Dick struggles through the hardships of city life, trying to achieve the American Dream .
Moby DickInnocent Or EvilInnocent Side Essay Research
Paper Moby Dick Innocent or Evil? By Kevin Cook Can the lust for revenge, wealth, or power be so strong in a person that they become so enthralled by this lust that they become a madman? This question could not be more fully answered, nor better demonstrated by the behavior of the captain of the whaling ship, ?The Peqoud?, in Herman Melville?s book, Moby Dick.
Scarlet Letter And Moby Dick Essay Research
Paper ?Vengeance Can Only Occur Through Providence? ?Man cannot get away with vengeance because vengeance is God?s job? (Great Books, MD). Through this quote, one can conclude that man is not one to judge others and exact revenge. Moby-Dick by Herman Melville and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne are two anecdotes that teach a lesson in regard to revenge.
Moby Dick Essay Research Paper I Author
Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper I. Author Information Herman Melville, was born in 1819, in a very “good” neighborhood in New York. A. Many influences on Melville’s works were European literature, experiences in his travels, and tragedy in his life. B. Melville was born into the time when inspiring works of American literature began to emerge.
Moby Dick 4 Essay Research Paper Moby
Moby Dick 4 Essay, Research Paper Moby Dick What the White Whale Symbolizes I looked at chapter 42, The Whiteness of the Whale , and how Melville uses symbolism of color. In many parts of the world the color white has a religious meaning, it gives a god like appearance. To Captain Ahab he has a totally different outlook of the White Whale.
Moby Dicks Symbolism Essay Research Paper Throughout
Moby Dicks Symbolism Essay, Research Paper Throughout the whole story the white whale is not only depicted as a an unexplainable force of nature but is also given an almost divine quality , he is constantly compared to God, and as the people fear and revere God they also fear Moby Dick and whales in general.The Whalers of the town see the whales not as thier prey but they see them as thier advisaries.An advisary that equals and often times surpasses them in prowess.From the begining of the film we are confronted with the image of the whale as the personificaion of power and strength ,as Stubb says in the inn “If God where to be any fish he would be a whale.” From this qoute alone it is evident that the whale holds a great deal of power.It is also obvious that to confront a whale is
Symbolism In Moby Dick Essay Research Paper
Moby-Dick Symbolism is using a person, place, or thing to represent something else which is larger and often untouchable. It is used in literature to allow authors to be objective while still expressing his/her views. Symbols in a story can be interpreted differently by different people Some symbols stand for things that are obvious while others need a more involved explanation.
Captain Ahab Essay Research Paper Captain AhabIf
Captain Ahab Essay, Research Paper Captain Ahab If you ever saw Captain Ahab in a dark alley, you’d probably turn and run the other way. His scarred body and wooden leg are just a couple of characteristics that show who he is. Ahab is the captain of the whaling ship Pequod, and their mission is to go on a trip and bring back as many whales as possible.
Moby Dick By Herman Melville (1819 -
– 1891) Essay, Research Paper Moby Dick, or, The White Whale is a book of amazing depth. It can be read on several levels: for over a century it has captivated young readers, naturalists, historians and literary scholars
Biblical And Mytholigical Allusions Of Herman Melville
’s Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper Biblical and Mythological Allusions In Hermon Melville s Moby Dick An allusion is a reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art. (Thompson 1155). Writers often use biblical and mythological allusions to which their readers are familiar.
Moby Dick Symbolism Essay Essay Research Paper
In chapter 110 Herman Melville?s Moby Dick Queequeg is getting very sick and is near death so he orders the ships carpenter to make him a coffin with a lid, in the shape of a canoe. Once the coffin/ canoe is finished Queequeg decides to live and turn the canoe/ coffin (because it is both) into a sea chest. During the next few weeks Queequeg carves little figures and symbols in the coffin/ canoe/ sea chest thus turning it in to a coffin/ canoe/ sea chest/ work of art.
A Comparison Of Melville
’S Moby Dick And Bartleby Essay, Research Paper Herman Melville’s stories of Moby Dick and Bartleby share a stark number of similarities and differences. Certain aspects of each piece seem to compliment each other, giving the reader insight to the underlying themes and images. There are three concepts that pervade the two stories making them build upon each other.
Justice Moby Dick Essay Research Paper In
Justice: Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper In the novel Moby Dick, Ishmael is saved while the rest of the Pequod?s crew die at sea. There is a specific point in the theme of the novel where each crew member sealed their
Antitranscendentalism In Melville
’s Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper Melville s primary focus in his classic novel Moby Dick is the evil of mankind, a point of focus consistent with his anti-Transcendental philosophical alignment. In Moby Dick, Melville shows man s evil toward fellow man and nature through his thoroughly-developed plot and characters, and in the components of the thematic layer underlying almost every character s personal motives.
Moby Dick By Herman Melville Essay Research 2
?Moby Dick? By Herman Melville Essay, Research Paper Moby Dick In the novel ?Moby Dick? by Herman Melville, the apparent themes: good vs. evil, civilized vs. uncivilized, and conventional vs. unconventional
Moby Dick Essay Research Paper Moby Dick
Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper Moby Dick Story by Herman Melville This is a story about a sailor named Ishmael, who is the narrator. Captain Ahab, the one-legged commander of the ship Pequod, is the main character. Ahab has sworn to kill this huge whale, Moby Dick, who took away his leg. Starbuck is the first mate of the Pequod, and Queequeg, Tashtego, and Daggoo are the three harpooners.
Captain Ahab Essay Research Paper Captain AhabCaptain
Captain Ahab Essay, Research Paper Captain Ahab Captain Ahab in the novel Moby Dick is quite a character. He is the Captain of the whaling ship the Pequod and is out on a voyage to kill the great white whale named Moby Dick. Throughout his journey on sea, Ahab maintains focus on one thing, and only one thing, killing Moby Dick.
Good And Evil Moby Dick Essay Research
Paper Take Home Essay I, 2 Rebecca Ison In Melville’s Moby-Dick, Queegueg and Ahab show distinction between good and evil through the treatment of others, themselves and situations. Although Queequeg is a pagan, he has more Christian attributes than even the most devout Christians on the Pequod. Ahab is not the person that everyone would expect to be the most iniquitous character of them all.
Moby Dick Essay Research Paper The Destroyer
Moby Dick Essay, Research Paper The Destroyer As the demon slowly emerged from the place where he had been entombed for nearly a thousand years, He thought to himself,”This world will once again feel my wrath , nothing will stop me from opening the gates of Hell and realesing my brothern into this world and taking for our own.” Then realizing that he was still in his demonic form he assumed the idenity of modern day human.His journey began at that very moment, destined for the “Holy City of Rome.” Meanwhile:In Newyork City It’s two oclock in the mourning.