План
Введение
1 Обстоятельства дела
2 История дела
Список литературы
Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc. против Уилльямс
Введение
Оконнор, присоединились все
Тойота моторс мэньюфэкчеринг Кентукки инкорпорейтид против Уилльямс, 534 U.S. 184 (2002) — дело Верховного суда США, в котором тот дал толкование выражению в «значительной степени ограничивающее» из Закона об инвалидах 1990 года англ. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Отменил решение Апелляционного суда, вынесенное в порядке упрощённого судопроизводства, в пользу ответчицы, Эллы Уилльямс, определившее её неспособность выполнять некоторые ручные операции как инвалидность.
1. Обстоятельства дела
Ответчица, Элла Уилльямс, была принята на работу на автомобилестроительный завод «Тойота моторс мэньюфэкчеринг Кентукки инкорпоратид» (англ. Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Kentucky, Inc.) компании Тоёта в 1990 году. С самого начала она работала конвейере с применением (пневматических инструментов). Со временем её стала беспокоить сильная боль в руках. Врачи обнаружили у неё двухсторонний синдром запястного канала и двухсторонний тендинит. После этого, по рекомендации врачей, её перевели на другую работу.
Пропустив по состоянию здоровья несколько рабочих дней, Уилльямс потребовало от компании компенсацию Между компанией и Уилльямс была достигнута договорённость. Она вернулась к своим трудовым обязанностям, но по прежнему была недовольна предпринимаемыми компанией мерами. Из-за чего подала ещё один иск, на этот раз, в Федеральный районный суд Восточного округа Кентукки. В нём утверждалось, что компания Тоёта отказалась принять меры по обеспечнию ей необходимый условий, обусловненных её инвалидностью. В этот раз также была достигнута договорённость и Уилльямс была переведена на работу в отдел по контролю за качеством. Её обязанности предполагали визуальный осмотр автомобилей, обязанности, которые по обоюдному согласию сторон, она могла выполнять. Тем не менее, с осени 1996 обстоятельства изменились и от Уилльямс потребовалось выполнять трудные для неё физические действия.
События произошедшие далее, Уилльямс и представители Тойота описывают совершенно по разному. Точно установленными фактами было то, что врачи запретили Уилльямс заниматься любо работой, она была уволена, после чего подала иск против бывшего работодателя.
2. История дела
Уилльямс, расценивая свою неспособность выполнять трудовые обязанности из-за синдрома запястного канала и связанных с этим проблем как инвалидность, подала и выиграла иск против компании Тойота за не обеспечение необходимых условий, как это предписывал Закон об инвалидах (англ. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) [1]. Окружной суд в порядке упрощённого судопроизводства не подтвердил инвалидность Уилльямс. Суд счёл, что её заболевание не «ограничивает в значительной степени» её деятельность в главных сферах жизни и она не имела соответствующих свидетельств.
Термин инвалидность означает в отношении индивида:
А. физическое или психическое нарушение, в значительной степени ограничивающее одну или более жизненных функций индивида;
Б. документ<?>, подтверждающий наличие такого нарушения; или
В. устоявшееся мнение о наличии такого нарушения.
— U. S. C. § 12102(2)
В соответствии с Законом об инвалидах 1990 года англ. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 под основной жизненной деятельностью англ. major life activity понимаются такие базовые действия как ходьба, восприятие на слух, зрительное восприятие, учение и работа. Специальные требования к выполнению трудовой деятельности под это определение не попадают.
Список литературы:
42 U. S. C. § 12112(b)(5)(A).
Источник: ru./wiki/Toyota_Motor_Manufacturing,_Kentucky,_Inc._против_Уилльямс
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