Введение
1 История
2 Галерея
Список литературы
Введение
USS Constitution (Конститьюшн), Old Ironsides (Железнобокий старина) — второй старейший парусный корабль в мире, и самый старый находящийся на плаву (старейший парусник — английский линейный корабль «Виктория» находится в сухом доке). Всё ещё числится в боевом составе американского флота.
Известен как «Old Ironsides» («Железнобокий старина»). Это прозвище было дано кораблю после того, как во время Англо-американской войны 1812—1814 гг. было отмечено, что ядра британского корабля HMS Guerriere отскакивали от его бортов, которые был сделаны из дуба виргинского (англ. Quercus virginiana)[2].
1. История
Спущен на воду 21 октября 1797 года. 23 июля 1798 года совершил первое путешествие, в 1798—1800 годах участвовал в «Квази-войне» США и Франции, триполийской войне, англо-американской войне 1812—1814 годов. В 1830 году корабль, 31-летний возраст которого был весьма почтенным для того времени, чуть было не отправили на слом. Однако, опубликованная в это же время посвящённая кораблю поэма «Old Ironsides», имела большой успех у граждан, настоявших на сохранении фрегата. Вместо слома корабль прошёл первый из своих многочисленных восстановительных ремонтов. Во время американской гражданской войны «Конститьюшн» служил учебным кораблём, его вооружение было уменьшено до 16 орудий и он был переклассифицирован в корабль 2-го ранга. В 1878 году «Конститьюшн» принял участие во Всемирной выставке в Париже.
В 1900 году Конгресс утвердил проект сохранения «Конститьюшн» в качестве музейного корабля, однако финансирование из госбюджета предусмотрено не было. В 1905 году было предложено вывести корабль в море и использовать в качестве мишени для артиллерийских стрельб, однако поднявшаяся волна протеста привела к тому, что в 1906 году из бюджета было выделено $100 000 на содержание и текущий ремонт корабля, а в 1907 году он был открыт для посещения.
1 декабря 1917 года корабль получил имя «Old Constitution» для того, чтобы имя «Constitution» мог получить новейший линейный крейсер класса «Лексингтон». 24 июля 1925 года, после того, как в соответствии с Вашингтонским морским соглашением 1923 года постройку кораблей класса «Лексингтон» отменили (а два недостроенных корпуса переоборудовали в авианосцы), «Конститьюшн» получил назад своё имя.
Последний раз «Конститьюшн» проходил ремонт в 1995 году. В 1997 году в честь празднования 200-й годовщины своей постройки фрегат совершил выход в море под парусами. До этого корабль не выходил в море примерно 116 лет.
В настоящее время находится в гавани города Бостон, штат Массачусетс, по нему проводятся экскурсии [3]. Корабль включён в список важнейших достопримечательностей США.
2. Галерея
Спуск на воду, 1797 год
Битва с «Герьером», 1812 год
В доке после очередного ремонта, 1858 год
В доке, 1995 год
USS Constitusion под парусами, 1997 год
1997 год
В гавани Бостона, 2005 год
Constitution салютует кораблю USS Bataan (LHD-5)
Пушечный салют, вид с грот-мачты, 2006 год
Список литературы:
USS CONSTITUTION. Naval Vessel Register. (англ.)
Story by JO1 Lorraine Ramsdell, Naval Reserve Office of Information Det. 206 Washington, D.C. USS Constitution, The History (англ.). Navy.mil — Official Site of the US Navy (Reviewed: 16 September 2009).
Поездка в город Бостон (США). Экскурсия на самый старый боевой парусник в мире - «U.S.S.Constitution». Отзывы. Фото
Источник: ru./wiki/USS_Constitution
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