Narcotr?fico En Columbia Essay, Research Paper
Jon Robinson
SPAN 3000
Pererio-Otero
10/24/99
El Narcotr?fico
Antes de Pinochet la mayor?a de la produci?n de la coca?na
estaba en los Andes de Chile donde es posible cultivar la coca.
Despu?s de Pinochet decidi? no permitir la produci?n de la droga
en Chile, la industria se mud? al otro lado de la frontera con
Columbia. Con este cambio empez? la transformaci?n de la
industria y de un pais. Hoy, por causa de la Guerra Contra la
Droga, es Columbia uno de los paises m?s violentos del mundo.
Columbia no era el pais menos violento de Latinoam?rica
antes, pero despu?s de la industria lleg? la situaci?n h?
empeorado cada a?o con poca fluctuaci?n. Cada a?o hay m?s de
77.5 homicidios por cada 100,000 habitantes en Columbia, y en
Medell?n, una de las ciudades mas grandes, 249 por cada 100,000.
Solamente pocos paises en guerra son peores.
El narcotr?fico no era tan violento en Chile. ?Entonces,
por qu? es como as? en Columbia? La respuesta no es que los
chile?os son menos violentos. Chile hab?a tenido una historia
mas tranquilla que la mayoria de Latino Am?rica, pero la
diferencia mas importante es con los Estados Unidos y su
tratamiento del problema durante las dos epocas, la de los
setenta cuando la industria era en Chile, y la de los ochenta y
los noventa cuando la industria era en Columbia.
Durante los ochenta coca?na era muy popular en los EEUU y el
gobierno decidi? combatir el narcotr?fico m?s que antes. (Lo que
no sab?a el gobierno era que la CIA ya hab?a tenido un papel en
la industria con otras intenci?nes, pero eso es otro trabajo.)
Empez? la Guerra Contra la Droga. “The War on Drugs.” Los
c?rteles ya hab?an asegurado sus posici?nes en la sociedad de
Columbia. El narcotr?fico era ilegal, pero aceptado. Los juezes
no aceptaron casos contra los c?rteles, y los c?rteles no
asesinaron a los juezes.
Con los EEUU lleg? tambien dinero. Los EEUU gastaba m?s
dinero en Columbia para combatir el narcotr?fico que gastaba
contra la adicci?n de sus propios ciudadanos. Este tercer aspeto
de la situaci?n, la influencia de los EEUU, transform? las
relaciones entre la systema de justicia en Columbia y el gobierno
en general, y el narcotr?fico, ya una gran parte de la economia.
Una parte de la economia la qu? necesitaba la gente.
Las acciones de los EEUU agrav? la situaci?n y result? en
m?s violencia. La industria de coca?na existe hoy en Bolivia,
Peru, y M?xico tambien, donde los gobiernos prestan menos
atenci?n al narcotr?fico, pero los c?rteles son todav?a intactos.
Ellos todav?a controlan el narcotr?fico, lo que trajeron a otros
paises junto a la violencia.
La soluci?n m?s facil es dar armas a Columbia, pero la ?nica
soluci?n que puede tener exito es eliminar el mercado en los
paises ricos. Si no fueran drogadictos, no habr?a una industria
de drogas. El problema con esta soluci?n es que es dif?cil y
complicada. Los EEUU es seguro que puede matar a unos
traficantes y tener exito pol?ticamente. Es m?s dif?cil tratar a
millones de drogadictos, pero si no intentamos, seguro que
tendremos este problema siempre.
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