Raul Leoni Essay, Research Paper
Ra?l Leoni naci? en Utapa (estado Bol?var), en 1905 y muri? en Nueva York en 1972. Ra?l Leoni fue abogado y pol?tico venezolano, fue electo presidente de la Rep?blica de Venezuela en 1964 hasta 1969. A los 16 a?os estuvo preso en la c?rcel de Rotunda por participar en la lucha estudiantil. Curs? sus estudios de derecho en la Universidad Central donde alcanz? la presidencia de la Federaci?n de Estudiantes de Venezuela y encabez? las protestas de 1928 contra e r?gimen de Juan Vicente G?mez, por ?sta raz?n tuvo que irse en 1928 de Venezuela a Colombia para un largo exilio, hasta 1936. Una vez muerto G?mez, regres? Leoni a Venezuela, participando desde su llagada en las actividades de los sectores pol?ticos de izquierda. En 1937 fue expulsado del pa?s junto a otros dirigentes pol?ticos. Se dirigi? a Colombia, donde continu? sus estudios hasta graduarse en Derecho y Ciencias Sociales en la Universidad de Bogot?. En Junio de 1939 regres? a Venezuela para incorporarse a la actividad clandestina del Partido Democr?tico Nacional (PDN). En 1941 particip? en la fundaci?n del partido centrista Acci?n Democr?tica, liderado por R?mulo Betancourt. Tras la revoluci?n de 1945 que derroc? a Isa?as Medina Angarita, a Leoni fue ministro de trabajo durante el gobierno de R?mulo Gallegos desde 1945 hasta 1948. En 1948 tuvo que exiliarse de nuevo por el golpe militar que derroc? a R?mulo Gallegos y no pudo volver hasta que termin? la dictadura de Marcos P?rez Jim?nez en 1958. El 1 de Diciembre de ese 1963 fue elegido presidente de la Rep?blica e inici? su mandato en Marzo de 1964, continuando con la pol?tica econ?mica y social de su predecesor y maestro R?mulo Betancourt. Durante su gobierno tuvo que hacer frente a la intensificaci?n de la actividad guerrillera del FALN (Fuerzas Armadas de Liberaci?n Nacional), por lo que firm? con el presidente colombiano Guillermo Le?n Valencia el pacto antiguerrillero de R?o Arauca en el a?o 1966. Al siguiente a?o en 1967 tuvo que suspender las garant?as constitucionales y su partido sufri? una divisi?n que dio origen a un nuevo partido llamado MEP (Movimiento Electoral del Pueblo). En las elecciones de 1968, el candidato de su partido, Gonzalo Barrios, fue derrotado. En 1969 Ra?l Leoni traspas? su poder al presidente electo Rafael Caldera.
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