The Chernobyl station is situated at the settlement of Pripyat, Ukraine, 18 km northwest of the city of Chernobyl, 16 km from the border of Ukraine and Belarus, and about 110 km north of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.
The station consisted of four reactors, each capable of producing 1
GW of electric power. Construction of the plant began in the 1970s, with
reactor number 1 commissioned in 1977, followed by number 2 in 1978, number З in 1981, and number 4 in 1983. Two more reactors number 5 and number 6, also capable of producing 1 Gigawatt each were under construction
at the time of the accident.
The Chernobyl accident riveted international attention. Around the
world, people read the story and were profoundly affected. As a result, «Chernobyl» has entered the public consciousness in a number of different ways and received
worldwide media attention.
The Chernobyl accident was clearly a major disaster in human
history. Public awareness of the risks of nuclear power increased
significantly. Organizations, both pro- and anti-nuclear, have made great
efforts to sway public opinion.
The Chernobyl accident also came to symbolize the crumbling state of
the USSR in public perception, in particular a dangerous culture of
incompetence and cover-up.
On Saturday, April 26, 1986, at 1:23:58 a.m. local time, the fourth
reactor of the Chernobyl power plant known as Chernobyl-4 suffered a
catastrophic steam explosion that resulted in a fire, a series of additional
explosions, and a nuclear meltdown.
It is regarded as the worst nuclear accident in the history of
nuclear power ever happened. It produced a plume of radioactive debris that
drifted over parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, UK, and even eastern USA.
Large areas of Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia were badly contaminated,
resulting in the evacuation and resettlement of more than 300, 000 people.
About 60% of the radioactive fallout landed in the neighbour republic Belarus.
Even now it is difficult to accurately tally the number of deaths
caused by the event at Chernobyl, as most of the expected deaths are from
cancer, have not yet actually occurred, and are difficult to attribute
specifically to the accident.
The Chernobyl accident was not a unique event. Long before, in 1957
near Chelaybinsk-40, a small top-secret town, the first nuclear accident
occurred involved the first serious nuclear contamination of vast territories.
It was a nuclear explosion happened in a tank with nuclear wastes. In 30 years
such tragedy repeated at Chernobyl.
People hope that it was the last time because the third time might
be the last one.
Чернобыльская катастрофа
Чернобыльская
станция находится в местечке Припять, Украина, в 18 километрах на северо-запад от города Чернобыль, в 16 километрах от границы с Белоруссией и
примерно в 110 километрах от Киева, столицы Украины.
Станция
состояла из четырех реакторов, каждый из которых мог вырабатывать 1 гигават
электроэнергии. Сооружение станции началось в семидесятых годах, в 1977 году
был запущен первый реактор, в 1978 году последовал запуск второго реактора, в
1981 году третьего и четвертого в 1983 году. Еще два реактора, номер пять и
шесть, способных также вырабатывать по 1 гигавату электроэнергии, строились на
момент аварии.
Чернобыльская
катастрофа приковала внимание международной общественности. По всему миру люди,
прочитав газеты, были поражены до глубины души. В результате, «Чернобыль»
получил разные трактовки общественности, к нему было приковано внимание мировой
медиаобщественности.
Чернобыльская
катастрофа стала действительно наибольшим бедствием в истории человечества. Значительно
увеличилось осознание общественностью опасности, которую таит в себе ядерная
энергия. Организации, как те, которые выступают за использование ядерной
энергии, так и те, которые выступают против, затратили много усилий, чтобы
раскачать общественное мнение.
Чернобыльская
катастрофа также стала для общественности символом крушения СССР, в особенности
примером опасной практики некомпетентности и укрывательства.
В
субботу, 26 апреля 1986 года, в 1:23:58 утра по местному времени, на четвертом
энергоблоке ядерной станции, известном как Чернобыль-4, произошел
катастрофический выброс пара, который стал причиной пожара, повлек серию
дополнительных взрывов и расплавление ядра реактора.
Это
было самой серьезной катастрофой за все время развития ядерной энергетики. В
результате этой катастрофы образовалось облако из радиоактивных материалов, которое
было разнесено ветром по западной части Советского Союза, Восточной Европе, Скандинавии,
Великобритании и даже восточному побережью США.
Огромные
территории Украины, Беларуси и России были очень сильно заражены, из-за чего
было эвакуировано и переселено более 300 000 человек. Около 60 % всех
радиоактивных осадков выпало на территории соседней республики Беларусь.
Даже
сейчас очень сложно подсчитать точное количество погибших, вследствие
случившегося в Чернобыле, так как большинство ожидаемых смертей произойдет от
рака, и только в ближайшее время, — от рака, который иногда очень сложно
связать с происшествием в Чернобыле.
Чернобыльская
катастрофа не была единичным случаем. Задолго до нее, в 1957 году, возле
местечка Челябинск-40, небольшого « закрытого городка», произошла первая
ядерная авария, которая повлекла первое обширное заражения территории
радионуклидами. Это был ядерный взрыв в одном из баков, где хранились радиоактивные
отходы. Через 30 лет подобная авария произошла в Чернобыле.
Люди
надеются, что это была последняя катастрофа, потому что третья может стать
последней для человечества.
Questions:
1. Where is the Chernobyl station located?
2. When did construction of the plant begin?
3. What happened on Saturday, April 26, 1986, at 1:23:58 a.m.
local-time? ,
4. How many people were resettled due to the accident?
5. Where did most radioactive fallouts land?
6. Why is it difficult to accurately tally the number of deaths
caused by the event at Chernobyl?
7. What does the Chernobyl accident symbolize?
8. What happened at Chelaybinsk-40 in 1957?
Vocabulary:
to be situated — быть расположенным
settlement
— небольшой поселок, группа домов; поселение
northwest — северо-западный
border — граница (across, over, between)
to
consist — заключаться (in — в чём-л.); состоять, составлять из (of)
capable
— способный; одаренный, талантливый, восприимчивый; поддающийся (чему-л.), допускающий
(что-л.)
GW
— Гигаватт (миллиард ватт)
plant
— зд. электростанция
to
commission — уполномочивать (в юридическом и общеязыковом смысле); поручать, давать,
делать заказ; выписывать
to
follow — следовать, идти за; следовать, выводиться, вытекать логически;
являться следствием, последствием
to
be under construction — строиться, быть в процессе строительства
to
rivet — поглощать (внимание); приковывать, устремлять (взор)
attention
— внимание, внимательность; рассмотрение, обсуждение (какого-л. дела)
profoundly
— глубоко, сильно; глубоко, серьезно, основательно
to
affect — подвергать физическому воздействию, давлению; приносить вред, наносить
ущерб
consciousness
— сознание; сознательность; понимание, осознание, сознание
to
receive — получать; обретать, приобретать; принимать, аккумулировать, вмещать, собирать
worldwide
— во "всем мире; мировой, всемирный; распространенный во всем мире
clearly
— ясно; очевидно; несомненно; конечно; понятно; безусловно (в ответе)
disaster
— беда, бедствие, несчастье
awareness
— осведомленность, информированность
significantly
— многозначительно
effort
— усилие, попытка; напряжение
to
sway — качать(ся), колебать(ся); иметь влияние (на кого-л./ что-л.); склонять
(кого-л. к чему-л.)
to
symbolize — символизировать
crumbling
state — состояние развала, упадок
perception
— восприятие, ощущение; осмысление, осознание, понимание
incompetence
— некомпетентность; неспособность (at, in)
to
cover-up — прикрывать, закрывать
to
suffer — страдать; испытывать, претерпевать; дозволять, допускать, позволять, разрешать
steam
— пар; дым; выпаривание, испарение
explosion
— взрыв; взрывание
nuclear
meltdown — зд. расплавление активной зоны реактора
plume
— зд. что-л переносимое ветром
debris
— осколки, обломки; обрезки; лом
to
drift — относить ветром, течением; сноситься, смещаться, сдвигаться по ветру, по
течению, дрейфовать
to
contaminate — пачкать, загрязнять, марать; портить; отрав¬лять; заражать, инфицировать
(в том числе отравляющими и радиоактивными веществами)
resettlement
— переезд, переселение
radioactive
fallout — радиоактивные осадки
to
land — приземляться, делать посадку; сажать машину (где-л. — at; in); прибывать
(куда-л.); достигать (какого-л. места) (in; at)
neighbour
— сосед; соседка; находящийся в соседнем городе, районе
to
tally — подсчитывать, пересчитывать; подводить итог (tally up)
cancer
— рак
to
attribute — объяснять (что-л.); приписывать (to — чему-л./ кому-л.); относить
(to — за счет чего-л./кого-л.); классифицировать, характеризовать
specifically
— особенно, специально, в особенности
Chernobyl
accident — Чернобыльская катастрофа
unique
— единственный; уникальный; исключительный; не имеющий себе равных, непревзойденный,
единственный в своем роде
event
— событие; ход дел, ход событий; происшествие, случай
top-secret
town — сверхсекретный город
vast
— обширный, громадный; безбрежный, пространный
nuclear
wastes — ядерные отходы
cleanup
— ликвидация последствий аварии
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
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