Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, but nowadays
it's the only place where we can live.
People always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution
was not such a serious problem. People lived in rural areas and did not produce
such amount of polluting agents that would cause a dangerous situation in
global scale.
With the development of overcrowded industrial highly developed
cities, which put huge amounts of pollutants into surrounds, the problem has
become more and more dangerous. Today our planet is in serious danger. Acid
rains, global warming, air and water pollution, and overpopulation are the
problems that threaten human lives on the Earth.
In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, we must
understand exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our
respiratory system are known as particulates. Particulates are the small solid
particles that you can see through rays of sunlight. They are products of
incomplete combustion in engines, for example: internal-combustion engines,
road dust and wood smoke.
Billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every
year. When these fuels are burnt, they produce smoke and other by-products,
which is emitted into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash
away the smoke, given off by power plants and automobiles, but it is not
enough.. These chemical compounds undergo a series of chemical reactions in the
presence of sunlight; as a result we have smog, mixture of fog and smoke. While
such pollutants as particulates we can see, other harmful ones are not visible.
Among the most dangerous to bur health are carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides,
sulfur dioxide and ozone or active oxygen.
If you have ever been in an enclosed parking garage or a tunnel and
felt dizzy or lightheaded, then you have felt the effect of carbon monoxide
(CO). This odourless, colourless, but poisonous gas is produced by the
incomplete burning of fossil fuels, like gasoline or diesel fuel.
Factories emit tons of harmful chemicals. These emissions have
disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the
greenhouse effect and acid rains.
Our forests are disappearing because they are cut down or burnt. If
this trend continues, one day we won't have enough oxygen to breathe, we won't
see a beautiful green forest at all.
The seas are in danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and
nuclear wastes, chemical fertilizers and pesticides. If nothing is done about
it, one day nothing will be able to live in our seas.
Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out
forever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today
may soon become extinct.
And even greater threats are nuclear power stations. We all know how
tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are.
Fortunately, it's not too late to solve these problems. We have the
time, the money and even the technology to make our planet a better, cleaner
and safer place. We can plant trees and create parks for endangered animals.
We can recycle our wastes; persuade enterprises to stop polluting
activities, because it is apparent that our careless use of fossil fuels and
chemicals is destroying this planet. And it is now more than ever apparent that
at the same time we are destroying our bodies and our future.
Защита
окружающей среды
Наша
планета Земля является только крошечной частью Вселенной, но в настоящее время
— это единственное место, где мы можем жить.
Люди
всегда загрязняли все вокруг. Но до сих пор загрязнение не было такой серьезной
проблемой. Люди жили в сельских районах и не производили такого количества
загрязняющих компонентов, которые могли вызвать опасную ситуацию в глобальном
масштабе.
С
развитием перенаселенных индустриальных высокоразвитых городов, которые
выбрасывают огромные количества загрязняющих веществ в окружающую среду, проблема
стала все более и более серьезной. Сегодня наша планета находится в серьезной
опасности. Кислотные дожди, глобальное потепление, загрязнение воздуха и воды, перенаселенность
— проблемы, которые угрожают человеческой жизни на Земле.
Чтобы
понять, как загрязнение атмосферы воздействует на наш организм, мы должны точно
знать, каково это загрязнение. Загрязняющие вещества, которые вредят нашей
дыхательной системе называются макрочастицами. Макрочастицы — это мелкие
твердые частицы, которые мы видим на солнечном свету. Это производные неполного
сгорания топлива в двигателях, например двигателе внутреннего сгорания, дорожная
пыль и дым от сгорания древесины.
Миллиарды
тонн угля и нефти сжигаются во всем мире каждый год. Когда это топливо сгорает,
оно выбрасывает дым и другие побочные продукты в окружающую среду. Хотя ветер и
дождь иногда смывают дым, выделенный силовыми установками и автомобилями, этого
не достаточно. Эти химические элементы под воздействием солнечного света
подвергаются серии химических реакций, и как результат мы имеем смог, смесь
тумана и дыма. В то время как такие загрязняющие вещества, как макрочастицы, мы
можем видеть, другие вредные для нашего здоровья вещества остаются невидимыми.
Среди наиболее опасных для нашего здоровья находится угарный газ, окислы азота,
сернистый газ и озон, или активный кислород.
Если
вы когда-либо были в закрытом гараже или туннеле и чувствовали головокружение
или упадок сил, тогда вы чувствовали результат воздействия угарного газа (СО).
Этот бесцветный, но ядовитый газ без запаха получается от неполного сгорания
органического топлива, подобно бензину или дизельному топливу.
Фабрики
выбрасывают тонны вредоносных химикатов. Эти выбросы имеют гибельные
последствия для нашей планеты. Они являются главной причиной парникового
эффекта и кислотных дождей.
Из-за
вырубки или пожаров исчезают наши леса. Если эта тенденция продолжится, то
однажды у нас не будет достаточного количества кислорода, чтобы дышать, мы
вообще никогда не увидим красивый зеленый лес.
Моря
также находятся в опасности. Они заполнены ядом: промышленными отходами, отходами
ядерной промышленности, химическими удобрениями и пестицидами. Если мы ничего
не сделаем, то однажды в наших морях некому будет жить.
Каждые
десять минут на нашей планете вымирает один вид животных, растений или
насекомых. Если мы ничего не сделаем, то десять миллионов видов живых
организмов, живущих сейчас, в скором времени исчезнут.
Еще
большая угроза — атомные электростанции. Всем нам известны трагические
последствия чернобыльской катастрофы.
К
счастью, еще не поздно и мы можем решить эти проблемы. Мы имеем время, деньги и
технологии, чтобы сделать нашу планету лучше, чище и безопаснее. Мы можем
высаживать деревья и создавать парки для животных, находящихся в опасности.
Мы
можем перерабатывать отходы, убедить предпринимателей прекратить загрязнение
окружающей среды, так как ясно, что наше безрассудное использование топлива и
химических веществ разрушает нашу планету и более того, ясно и то, что мы
разрушаем себя и свое будущее.
Questions:
1. When did the problem of pollution become dangerous?
2. What problems threaten human lives on the Earth?
3. Why is air pollution harmful?
4. Is it dangerous to breathe polluted air?
5. What does the burning of fuel and fossil fuels produce?
6. What are the most dangerous pollutants?
7. What is the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains
on our planet?
8. Can we solve the problem of environmental protection?
Vocabulary:
tiny part — крошечная часть
to pollute — загрязнять
rural area — сельский район
polluting agents — загрязняющие компоненты
global scale — глобальный масштаб
acid rains — кислотные дожди
overpopulation — перенаселение
to threaten — угрожать
to affect — воздействовать
respiratory system — дыхательная система
particulates — макрочастице
solid particles — твердые частицы
ray of sunlight — зд. солнечный свет
combustion — сжигание, сгорание
internal-combustion engine — двигатель внутреннего сгорания
wood smoke — зд. сгорание древесины
by-products — побочные продукты
power plants — силовые установки
chemical compounds — зд. химические элементы
to
undergo — подвергаться воздействию
smog
— смог
fog
— туман
carbon
monoxide — угарный газ
nitrogen
oxides — окислы азота
sulfur
dioxide — сернистый газ
dizzy
— головокружение
odourless
— без запаха
fossil
fuels — органическое топливо
gasoline
— бензин
to
emit — испускать, выбрасывать
disastrous consequences — гибельные последствия
greenhouse effect — парниковый эффект
to breathe — дышать, вдыхать
chemical fertilizers — удобрения
pesticide — пестицид
plant — растение
insect — насекомое
extinct
— исчезнуть, вымирать
to
persuade enterprises — зд. убедить предпринимателей
wastes
— отходы
Список литературы
Для
подготовки данной работы были использованы материалы с сайта alleng/
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