Oil Spills Essay, Research Paper
Oil is a product used by everyone, but sometimes oil is a problem. An oil spill is a
leakage from an oceangoing tanker, pipelines, or other oil sources. Oil spills occur very
frequently, and cause enormous ecological harm. About eight million barrels of oil are
spilled each year. Tankers usually carry about five-hundred million barrels of oil.
Many oil spills, large in land or ocean coverage, have had major impacts on the
earth and it?s inhabitants. Many animals are die and some are injured in some way. Many
plants and animals are endangered, or are now extinct. The largest oil spill to occur was
when the Exxon Valdez went aground and covered 4,800 square miles in Prince William
Sound, Alaska. This spill killed 35,000 sea birds, 10,000 otters, and at least nine whales.
The spill left pools of oil up to three feet on some beaches. In December of 1989, an
Iranian tanker leaked 70,000 tons, about 19 million gallons of oil off of the coast of
Morocco. In January 1990 a broken Exxon pipeline leaked 567,000 gallons into the New
York harbor. In June of 1990, another 260,000 gallons were spilled in New York Harbor.
A tanker carrying 38 million gallons of oil caught on fire, and leaked oil into the Gulf of
Mexico. This was a very serious threat to local shrimp nurseries and wildlife refuges. In
February of 1990, 300,000 gallons leaked from a damaged tanker off Southern California,
fouling miles of shoreline. In the Niger River delta, in Nigeria, Shell pipelines have
repeatedly burst. In 1970 oil spilled across 8 square km, which remained contaminated for
over 20 years.
According to the U.S. Coast guard, the incident rate post is only 0.5 spills per
year. In fact, there have been no large spills over 5,000 barrels from tankers in the US
since 1991. The US Coast Guard data shows that the amount of oil spilled by tankers has
decreased dramatically. Worldwide pollution from tanker spills is a relatively minor
source of marine pollution. It only represents a small fraction of the oil released to the
environment, when it is being compared to industrial waste, non-tanker shipping, and oil
seepage from natural resources. Ships are but one part of an overall safety system that
includes charting, aids to navigation, the condition of channels, and the resources that the
Coast guard can bring to ensure standards are being met. The United States suffers from
measurable neglect in portions of it?s marine infrastructure.
The Refuse Act, which was first enacted in 1899, makes it a crime to allow refuse
to enter navigable waters. The Migratory Bird Treaty Act, makes it a crime to kill certain
birds. These laws were not intended to apply to an oil spill, but prosecutors use them to
intimidate and punish individuals without an obvious connection to a spill. The single
most positive improvement that Congress can make to the legal regime, is to amend the
Refuse Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, to make them inapplicable to oil spills
covered in the Clean Water Act. Oil Spill Wildlife Management (OSWM), in business
since 1989, is a wildlife consulting firm. OSWM offers it?s clients an alternative to the
wildlife dilemma. Donjon Environmental Marine Services is a synergistic organization
created to provide the maritime industry with responsive, and cost-effective answers to
meet the requirements of The Oil Pollution Act of 1990. Garner Environmental Services
provides a 24 hour emergency response for any type of pollution incidents. Garner
Environmental Services specializes in the management of disposal of waste streams, and
maintains a fleet if equipment and drivers to transport these waste streams from industries
on the Gulf Coast. Clean Venture Inc. is a leading contractor in handling waste, and
hazardous oil materials. Since, it?s establishment, Clean Venture Inc., has responded to
more than five thousand oil and hazardous material spills and has performed over ten
thousand projects, ranging in size from 1,000 to 3,000,000 dollars.
How can we prevent oil spills? The US oil and natural gas industry, supplies more
than 65 percent of America?s energy. ?By nearly every measure, the volume of spills in
US waters has been on a steady downward trend since 1973,? states Captain James D.
Spitzer, the chief of the US Coast Guard?s Office of Investigations. Most spills that occur
are usually small, based on data from the US Coast Guard. In 1997, more than
three-fourths of the spills in US waters were under ten gallons of oil, which is less than a
car?s fuel tank can hold. From the year of 1989, the year of the Exxon Valdez accident,
the amount of oil spilled in US waters has declined from fourteen million gallons to 1.1
million gallons spilled in 1997. Every part of the modern petroleum industry has
contributed to the progress being made. Exploration and production facilities use
advanced materials and techniques, with plenty of back up safety systems. Pipelines use
computers, electromagnetic instruments, and ultrasonic devices to detect weak spots, so
they can be repaired before it is to late and a leak develops. Marine terminals and vessels
are being made differently. Tankers are being built with double hulls. Storage tanks are
constructed of special materials to withstand corrosion. People play important roles in
prevention, by signing petitions, striking companies, and some boycott, which isn?t
successful because oil is an everyday use. Everyone can become a part of the
conservation and prevention of oil spills.
Другие работы по теме:
Poem Fading Away Essay Research Paper as
Poem: Fading Away Essay, Research Paper as i gaze at the falling rain trying to get away from all the pain som uch tension rising in the air dying inside does anyone care
Romeo An Juliet Essay Research Paper hi
Romeo An Juliet Essay, Research Paper hi i need an essay about a character in romeo and juliet that demonsrtated maturity. in a well developed multi pagraph essay and say why you think the character’s maturity was greater than the other characters in the play.
Oh Really Essay Research Paper Oh Reallyyou
Oh Really? Essay, Research Paper Oh Really, you think i am a lark, the dogs they run and bark, but when i say to them, shut up shut up shut up, you say to be nice to them,
Shane Essay Research Paper Sometimes I need
Shane Essay, Research Paper Sometimes, I need you more than I need air And sometimes I miss you more than I will forever, never forget the times that we have shaared. The are priceless
Poem Belong Essay Research Paper Where I
Poem: Belong Essay, Research Paper Where I belong I am weak, I am strong I will fit where I belong don’t know where it is for now but it will come, if I allow tomorrow, I start a brand new day
Him Essay Research Paper I think about
Him Essay, Research Paper I think about him day and night The though won’t go away And, oh, how I would hold him tight every second of the day He is perfect, that is true, not an average me or you
Craig A Descriptive Paper Essay Research Paper
We sit together on the couch, enjoying each other?s company. We talk softly of our love for each other and our future together. He runs his small but strong hands through my hair as he spills his feelings to me. I feel so loved and secure with my head resting this man?s lap, like nothing in the world can bring me down.
Literary Analysis Of Jonathon Swift S Modest
Proposal Essay, Research Paper Literary Analysis of Jonathon Swift s Modest Proposal Jonathon Swift writes an enthralling essay full of sarcasm and bitterness. He rips apart the upper class and his concern for the common people of his nation spills forth from his written words. He writes sarcastically of how Ireland could recover if they eat their very own children.
Poem She Sat Essay Research Paper She
Poem: She Sat Essay, Research Paper She sat… helpless in her room praying to whatever god there may be to let her call to him. could god ignore such a painful cry?
Wildlife Protection Essay Research Paper There are
Wildlife Protection Essay, Research Paper There are many ways to protect wildlife in our community, the country, and the world. First of all, there are many parks and reserves available for indigenous life to find sanctuary from human expansion. The ecological concerns of water, forest, and wetlands have been achieved through Congress.
School Essay Research Paper School Where
School Essay, Research Paper School! Where did they come up with that name? I guess because it rhymes with lame Now this rhyme you read will be quite corny Please don’t get upset, mad, or horny
Cause 2
Cause & Effect:Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper Cause and Effect: Water Pollution Water pollution progresses every day in our lakes, oceans, rivers, and other bodies of water that we see and use in many ways. Water is essential for all living things to survive, yet people still pollute it. It s pretty sad to be taking a trip to the beach with your family and you get there to see a sign that says the beach is closed.
Water Pollution Essay Research Paper Water pollution
Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper Water pollution needs to be stopped. Pollution of lakes rivers, streams, and oceans has been killing land and water animals for years. Polluting water is a horrible act and will be stopped.
Water Pollution Essay Research Paper The earth
Water Pollution Essay, Research Paper The earth is facing a lot of environmental problems today, these problems are caused by humans. In the search for the technology, humans begin to improve
Ode To Boys Essay Research Paper We
Ode To Boys Essay, Research Paper We like them But do they like us The ones we do never fuss They don’t stop in And we wonder why We stress, we bitch We sometimes cry
Crying Again Essay Research Paper The Sky
Crying Again Essay, Research Paper The Sky is crying again And i am crying again. When did it start? When will it end? How’d i wind up with out a friend? Tears from my heart cling to my soul.
Life Is Like Essay Research Paper Life
Life Is Like Essay, Research Paper Life is like a car. When it?s new, it usually works all right. As time drives by, it breaks down and needs repairs. Life is like a leaf. In its youth, it
Why Nature Is A Large Matter I
Essay, Research Paper Environmental issues are a major concern facing the world today. The detraction of the Ozone Layer, Deforestation, and numerous oil spills are issues leading to end of the world.
Oil Degrading Microbes Bioremediation Essay Research Paper
During recent years, the public has become increasingly aware of the hazards of oil spills. Photographs and vivid descriptions of oil-soaked birds floundering on oil covered shores have become routine coverage by the news and media.Oil spillage has become an increasing problem with the advent of offshore drilling and the transport of petroleum in large tankers.
Oil Spills Essay Research Paper Oil Spills
Oil Spills Essay, Research Paper Oil Spills: It will happen again Imagine that you are a just a small, ordinary seabird. It is March 24, 1987 and far away from you is an enormous tanker called the Exxon Valdez, coming at an astonishing speed. You do not worry, for these huge ships come along very occasionally in the Alaskan waters.
Dare Essay Essay Research Paper What DARE
Dare Essay Essay, Research Paper What D.A.R.E Means To Me Dare has prepared me to say no to drugs in eight different ways. If anyone asks me to do drugs I will know what to do, such as- just ignoring the person or just
The Playground Essay Research Paper I have
The Playground Essay, Research Paper I have a friend I used to know who had a playground where we would go The times we had are fresh in my mind but they are from another time
Marine Biology Essay Research Paper Aquarium AssignmentA
Marine Biology Essay, Research Paper Aquarium Assignment A major source of coastal pollutants, human sewage fouls bays and beaches with both toxic and nontoxic pollutants. Although billions of dollars have been invested in sewage treatment plants to treat wastewater, new and growing coastal communities have increased the amount of discharge into oceans and estuaries.
Epa Oil Spill Program Essay Research Paper
EPA Oil Spill Program Overview Welcome to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Oil Spill Program. This website provides information about the U.S. EPA’s program for preventing, preparing for, and responding to oil spills that occur in and around inland waters of the United States.
Ocean Pollution Essay Research Paper Ocean Pollution
Ocean Pollution Essay, Research Paper Ocean Pollution Ocean Pollution is a problem that directly affects ocean organisms and the natural balance. It indirectly affects human health and resources. Oil spills, toxic wastes and the dumping of other materials all contribute to the broad term ‘Ocean Pollution’.