, Research Paper
In the spring of 1721, Boston became alarmed at the news of smallpox in their town. In April a Negro from a Caribbean ship brought the disease to Boston, and was immediately quarantined. In the coming months more than half the community’s ten thousand residents, approximately eight hundred, fell ill. When the town of Boston realized that smallpox had appeared again, the people became terror-stricken. In Boston, survival or death it was thought depended on one’s chance or divine intervention according to one’s religious point of view. Reverend Cotton Mather, attempted inoculation, a practice never used in the New World. London reported successful use of inoculation in Turkey. Cotton Mather called for a physician’s town meeting. Dr. William Douglas, the town’s only full-fledged medical graduate was outraged, because the inoculation involved injecting pus from the blisters of smallpox sufferer into the skin of a healthy person. He was also upset that a clergyman would try to instruct the medical field. It seemed that Douglas had persuaded the medical community against the use of inoculation. Mather’s efforts lead to Doctor, Zabdiel Boylston inoculating his younger son and two of his slaves and consequently a few days later a number of others underwent the treatment. Douglas fiercely opposed Mather’s sponsoring of the inoculation. There were no medical arguments that infecting a healthy person would cause smallpox to be less severe, or that it would eliminate the further spread of the disease. The news of Boylston’s inoculations went to the press, he assured the reader that if he were inoculated he would not fear pockmarks and scars on his face or ever have smallpox again. In July, Boylston was called to a meeting, where physicians, opposed the practice of inoculation. Boylston was ordered to stop performing inoculations. The town questioned the right of inoculation, as a “judgement of God,” sent to punish and humble the people for their sins? Was being inoculated not like “taking God’s Work out of His Hand”? (Page 42) Cotton Mather, his father and four others became known as the “Inoculation Ministers”. In August the New-England Courant, printed for the first time, attacking the “Inoculation Ministers.” While the epidemic continued, Boylston and Mather were molested and insulted on the streets of Boston. Boston declared that Boylston ought to be tried for murderer if any of his inoculated patients died. The epidemic continued to take its toll on the New England colonies, and the anger toward Boylston and Mather turned into rage. In England during the outbreak of 1721, inoculation found a supporter. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was so convinced of inoculation’s value she wanted to bring the useful invention to England. After smallpox departed, the ratios proved that smallpox acquired by inoculation was apparently often less severe and mortality lessened, than when acquired “in the common way.” Even Douglas finally acknowledged the good of inoculation, which eventually led the way to Jenner’s discovery of vaccination. Of course, inoculation did not “prevent” the disease; it just transmitted the virus in a weakened form. In the end, the most serious drawbacks of inoculation were its unexpected behavior and clear dangerousness; yet, inoculation died out slowly.
Другие работы по теме:
Visit to a doctor
The problem of health always worried people. It has been in the center of attention of the scientists since ancient times. Perhaps, of all unpleasant things people hate diseases most of all.
Sovereignty And Goodness Of God Essay Research
Paper The Sovereignty and Goodness of God The Sovereignty and Goodness of God is a primary source document written in the 17th century, by a well-respected, Puritan woman from Virginia. This book, written in cahoots with Cotton and Increase Mather, puritan ministers, tells the story of her capture by Indians during King Phillip’s War (1675-1676).
Dna Testing Essay Research Paper In two
Dna Testing Essay, Research Paper In two separate incidents in July of 1984, an assailant broke into an apartment, severed phone lines, sexually assaulted a women, and searched through her belongings, taking money and other items.
Health Care Essay Research Paper In the
Health Care Essay, Research Paper In the early 1800, public officials were making collective efforts to control communicable diseases such as smallpox, yellow fever, cholera, typhoid, and measles. In order to reduce the presence of communicable diseases, quarantine measures often became law. People who were contaminated were placed in isolation in order to avoid spreading the disease.
Disease And Vaccinations In The Industrial Revolution
Essay, Research Paper The Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw the advent of gross urbanization of factory towns and cities. Due to advancements in areas such as textiles and machinery, many people flocked from the countrysides of Europe (particularly Britain) to cities where they sought work was factory operators and machinists.
Early 1800s Essay Research Paper There were
Early 1800s Essay, Research Paper There were many changes taking place in the US around the year 1800. The frontier land was constantly being pushed back by new settlements and would contribute to the history of slavery and African Americans. Louisana was purchased in 1803 and freedom-loving young settlers as well as successful cotton plantation masters moved west to try and exploit the unsettled land.
Compcontslave Revolt Essay Research Paper The American
Comp.cont.slave Revolt Essay, Research Paper The American Civil War was inevitable and had numerous causes that led to it. This paper will discuss three important causes of the war the invention of the cotton gin, Nat Turner’s rebellion, and the abolitionist movement toward ending slavery. There are many causes of the war, but I feel these three are substantial causes.
The Causes Of The Civil War Essay
, Research Paper "The tragic ?fireball in the night? imagined by Jefferson had finally rung. The Missouri Compromise had failed. Proslavery and antislavery civilians clashed in the streets and took up arms.
Plains Indians Essay Research Paper During the
Plains Indians Essay, Research Paper During the 1800s, the Plains Indians were finally overcome by the white man. Several factors contributed to their downfall. In descending order, these included the near extinction of the buffalo, disease, tribal wars, and their naivete.
Was The Civil War Inevitable Essay Research
Paper Was the war that took the lives of six-hundred thousand people avoidable? Did young men from the North and South die in a conflict that could have been solved through negotiation? The Civil War was an inevitable conflict which was bound to explode due to the failure of politics and the North and South’s dispute over the issue of slavery.
Idealism Essay Research Paper How do Primary
Idealism Essay, Research Paper How do Primary Source Documents Mirror the Ideals of a Society? The attitudes and beliefs of aparticular time period are reflected in first hand documents, purposely and inadvertently through thebiases and ideals of the authors of the pieces. The arrogant self-serving attitude of the first colony isreflected in Captain John Smith?s, ?The General History of Virginia.? The Puritans holier-than-thouideals are reflected in the essay by William Bradford, ?Of Plymouth Plantation.? Finally the fear ofthe unknown by the colonists is shown in Cotton Mather?s reflection on the Salem Witch Trials, ?TheWonders of the Invisible world.? In all of the documents, the biases and believes of the authors showthe attitudes of the people at the time.
The Small Pox Essay Research Paper In
The Small Pox Essay, Research Paper In May 1796, Dr. Edward Jenner a physician started investigating what was called cowpox which was a disease contracted by milking cows. This disease caused discomfort and lesions. This discovery and experiment with the cowpox disease seemed to produce an immunization to smallpox a very deadly disease.
Small Pox Essay Research Paper Smallpox has
Small Pox Essay, Research Paper Smallpox has been one of the most dangerous and deadly curses? ever placed on humankind. Even illnesses as terrible as the plague, cholera, and yellow fever have not had such a universal effect. Smallpox is a parasitic virus (a virus destructive to the host) called variola.
Sewall
’s Reponse To Mather Essay, Research Paper Sewall s Response to Mather s The Negro Christianized Cotton Mather and Samuel Sewall clearly disagree on the legality of slavery. For Sewall, it is most important that slaves be given the same freedom as all men; for Mather, it is most important that slaves be Christianized and given the opportunity of eternal light through the grace of Jesus Christ.
Freedom Essay Research Paper What Freedom Means
Freedom Essay, Research Paper What Freedom Means to Me Free*dom (noun) First appeared before 12th Century 1 : the quality or state of being free: as a : the absence of necessity, or constraint in choice or action
Mccarthy Era And Salem Witch Trials Essay
, Research Paper The McCarthy Era and the Salem Witch Trials The McCarthy era is very similar to the Salem Witch trials. They are both similar, because they both dealt with hysteria. Hysteria is an
Eli Whitney Essay Research Paper Whitney Eli
Eli Whitney Essay, Research Paper Whitney, Eli (1765-1825), American inventor, best known for his invention of the cotton gin. Whitney was born in Westboro, Massachusetts, on December 8, 1765, and educated at Yale College (now Yale University). In 1792 he visited the plantation, near Savannah, Georgia, of Catharine Greene, widow of the American Revolutionary War general Nathanael Greene.
Eli Whitney Essay Research Paper Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney Essay, Research Paper Eli Whitney Historians believe that one of the greatest pioneers in the birth of automation, American inventor, pioneer, mechanical engineer, and manufacturer Eli Whitney. Best remembered as the inventor of the cotton gin. He made his first violin when he was only 12. Eli started college when he was 23, in 1788.
Mohandas K Ghandi Essay Research Paper Mohandas
Mohandas K. Ghandi Essay, Research Paper Mohandas Ghandi was the source of many changes throughout, India, Britain, and the world. With all that Ghandi has done in our world it becomes overwhelming when I think about his life. What Ghandi did in terms of opening the minds of the people of India is almost analogous to what Christ did to open the minds of the people around him.
Ndustrial Revolutions Effects On Europe Essay Research
Paper name = Justin Katz email = TRipLeZeR0@juno publish = yes subject = Europe History title = Industrial Revolutions effects on Europe papers = The Industrial Revolution had an overall positive effect on Europe. This
The Decline Of Puritanism
…Reasons For Essay, Research Paper A puritan is a person who pours righteous indignation into the wrong things. 1 Facing religious persecution in England, the Puritans fled Europe. They constructed an intolerant government because to Puritans Toleration meant permitting error. 2 Puritanism ultimately led to its own decline in New England because it refused to accept rival religious groups, critics and merchants.
How Do Primary Source Documents Mirror The
Ideals Of A Society? Essay, Research Paper The attitudes and beliefs of a particular time period are reflected in first hand documents, purposely and inadvertently through the biases and ideals of the authors of the
Lady Mary Wortley
’s Smallpox Vaccination Essay, Research Paper Early one summer morning in the 18th century a father and son sat down to breakfast. Young Marston Hodgin said to his father, “Father dear, I’ve a bloody awful backache, and my face is a bit flushed.” Marston Hodgin Sr. stared at his son in astonishment and horror, “Son, what ‘ave you there? Those oozy dots on your face give me a bit of a fright.
Transformation Of Slavery
’s Defense Essay, Research Paper Elizabeth Braker Mr. Story History Hr. 2-3 24 November 1998 Slavery Essay Transformation of Slavery?s Defense During the early 1800?s the demand for cotton had risen and it was now ?King? of plantations in the southern region of the United States, where the climate was best suited.
Cotton Mathers Essay Research Paper The Colonization
Cotton Mathers Essay, Research Paper The Colonization Era was a time of new beginnings and the birth of many cultures into one new society (Lovelace 74). The first inhabitants were of European decent, seeking to escape religious persecution. The Pilgrims and Puritans came over to America with the desire for religious freedom.
William Bradford And Cotton Mather Essay Research
Paper William Bradford and Cotton Mather both secure their identity of a separate persecuted shelter for the people of God despite the appearance of less holy individuals within the boundaries of their community. Although the individuals are located physically within the community, Mather and Bradford alienate them based on their beliefs and their behavior.
Cotton Gin Essay Research Paper The Cotton
Cotton Gin Essay, Research Paper The Cotton Gin Dustin Kerstein Section F1 Cotton Gin In the late 1700?s the slave population in the United States had decreased. Before the invention of the cotton gin the South, which could only make money by farming, was loosing money because it didn?t have a major crop to export to England and the North besides tobacco and rice.
Cotton Industry Essay Research Paper THE COTTON
Cotton Industry Essay, Research Paper THE COTTON INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIA 1. Introduction Cotton is one of the oldest fibres used by human beings. Archaeologists have found cotton 5000 years old. Alexander the Great, around 300 BC, brought cotton goods into Europe but only the rich could afford it. The cotton plant grew wild in East Africa.
The Salem Witchcraft Trials Essay Research Paper
3-4 page Research Paper on Cotton Mather ?The Salem witchcraft trials,? a phrase not too often heard these days in everyday conversation. Witches burning at the stake, or drowning in a tub of water, and perhaps the most humane way of their execution, hanging (5). This piece of American history is a prudent example of how everyday people can, and were, be lead astray from what would normally be considered ridiculous and preposterous ideas, into something that warrants these horrible means of human demise.
Child Labor Essay Research Paper My opinion
Child Labor Essay, Research Paper My opinion is that child labor was one of the most terrible acts in the 1800 s. I am sure that there were more than enough adults to take care of the jobs that small child had to do. I think that child labor sick and twisted and anyone who believes in it should not be considered human.