, Research Paper
Interactions between dietary supplements and drugs will become a more serious
concern as supplement makers adopt better manufacturing practices. Some of these
interactions are positive to the patient?s health, while others are not. Mary Hardy,
M.D., is a member of the Integrative Medicine Department of Cedars-Sinai Medical
Center in Los Angeles. According to Dr. Hardy, ?Once these substances are properly
labeled, properly documented, and properly used by consumers, we can expect that
their most serious interactions are likely to involve pharmaceutical drugs.? Dr. Hardy
believes ?As pharmacists, you can look for the pharmacokinetic issues that will affect
the bioavailability or metabolism of the drug.? Also, pharmacodynamic interactions are
more individualized, less predictable, and more qualitative.
Herbs can counteract a drug?s therapeutic effect but, not all drug-herb
counteractions are negative. Two examples of positive drug-herb interactions are
seen with ginger and ginkgo biloba. Ginger is found to limit low-grade nausea related
to chemotherapy. Ginkgo biloba can be used to treat sexual dysfunctions that are
sometimes associated with the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).
Occasionally, herbs and drugs with entirely different mechanisms of action
reinforce each other. A study has shown that ginseng is known to be hypoglycemic.
Other high fiber hypoglycemic herbs can possibly reduce the absorption of
carbohydrates in the intestines. Dr. Hardy emphasizes that the blood sugar levels of
diabetic patients taking either type of herb and receiving insulin will need to be
monitored more closely.
According to studies, St. John?s Wort has been shown to decrease the
bioavailability of protease inhibitors. Protease inhibitors are the pharmaceuticals used
to treat AIDS patients. In one study, the trough level observed in sixteen healthy
patients declined 82% ? a level deep enough to allow for the emergence of resistant
viruses in patients with active AIDS. Dr. Hart emphasizes, ?This is a clinically
significant interaction, especially because St.John?s Wort has been shown in vitro to
be highly active against HIV. HIV patients are very likely to take it and to use high
doses.?
An article printed in the August 2000 issue of Pharmacy Practice News reports
that some herbs can change the level of drug absorption, either by increasing binding
or by precipitating the drug in the gut. For example, hydrocoilldal fiber herbs such as
fenugreek, slippery elm, or even psyllium and bran can change absorption levels.
Dr. Hardy also points out the reality of ?double-dipping.? Herbs that share the same
active ingredients as a drug can enhance its therapeutic action. Combinations such as
ma huang and cold remedies containing pseudoephedrine, or foxglove and the
cardioglycoside digoxin are like ?double-dipping?.
Even if the herbs and drug do not contain the same active ingredients, doubling
can happen. A drug?s effect can be intensified if both the drug and the herb share the
same mechanism of action. If a patient is taking a barbiturate and adds valerian to the
diet, then the patient is reinforcing the drugs sedative effect. Some additive side
effects are seen between dietary supplements and drugs. If a patient is taking a
diuretic and depleting his or her potassium supply, licorice should not be consumed.
Licorice greatly increases potassium wastage. Kathryn L. Grant, Pharm D, Assistant
Professor of Pharmacy at the University of Arizona?s College of Pharmacy in Tucson
believes ?As we learn more about the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of
botanicals, we will more readily predict potential interactions.?
Some herbal therapies have normal but toxic reactions. The occurrence and
severity of these reactions depend on the dosage and preparation of the supplement.
This problem has been aggravated by the use of more concentrated preparations
based on distilled alcohol. Liver toxicities and carcinogenic properties have been
reported from this.
Adulterants have also been discovered in herbal products. Contaminants have
included diuretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS), benzodiazepines, and
heavy metals. In a documented case, a patient taking a protein supplement displayed
symptoms of lead poisoning. When analyzed, the supplement contained 2.88% lead.
?I believe there?s a lot to learn by taking a systematic look at case series and
cohort studies,? Dr. Hardy stresses. ?You have to know your manufacturer when you
buy these medications,? Dr. Hardy cautions. Direct research and adoption of better
manufacturing procedures are essential if pharmacists are to anticipate positive and
negative drug-herb interactions.
Gold Standard Multimedia. Clinical Pharmacology 2000. 1 November 2000
Kravetz, Shayna. ?Pharmacists Alerted to Alternative Agent Interactions With
Pharmaceutical Products?. Pharmacy Practice News August 2000: 16-17
Другие работы по теме:
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index
— американский фондовый индекс. Индекс составляют биотехнологические и фармацевтические компании, чьи акции торгуются на бирже NASDAQ. Критерии Критерии включения в NASDAQ Biotechnology Index:
Chromium Supplementation Essay Research Paper One of
Chromium Supplementation Essay, Research Paper One of the most controversial supplements on the market is chromium. In the body, its natural functions consist of potentiating the activity of insulin and influencing lipid and protein metabolism. It may also be involved in the formation of glycogen in muscle tissue and facilitate the transport of amino acids to the muscles.
FibreA Essay Research Paper GUT ISSUES
Fibre(A) Essay, Research Paper GUT ISSUES Life Sciences SIGWe share many experiences with the kings of old:pastries, for instance, and home entertainment andvacation trips to far-off lands. Ancient-day commonfolk knew nothing of such things. Then again, theyweren’t constipated… We are. Not all of us, of course.
Seminoles Essay Research Paper SEMINOLESDuring the first
Seminoles Essay, Research Paper SEMINOLES During the first century, or rather (1789-1812), there were many confrontations between the Seminoles and Americans. From trading with them to having a war with them, living on the same land meant there were going to interactions.
Sports Supplements Essay Research Paper Athletes are
Sports Supplements Essay, Research Paper Athletes are competitive. They go out there to win. But, at all costs? Why are athletes willing to sacrifice their long term health in order to have one outstanding season? Will it be worth it when they are hooked up to machines in order to stay alive? Many athletes do not think that taking a supplement will harm them.
Piedmont Essay Research Paper One of the
Piedmont Essay, Research Paper One of the physical regions in New Jersey is a piedmont. The Atlantic Coastal Plain Piedmont Ridge, and Valley region and high land have different land. They are also regions. Some of New Jersey s biggest cities are in Piedmonts. Some piedmont cities in New Jersey are Newark, Jersey City, Elizabeth, East Orange, Hoboken, Passaic, Clifton, Paterson, and Union City.
Gut Issues Essay Research Paper We share
Gut Issues Essay, Research Paper We share many experiences with the kings of old: pastries, for instance, and home entertainment and vacation trips to far-off lands. Ancient-day
Anemia Essay Research Paper Anemia is a
Anemia Essay, Research Paper Anemia is a disease of the blood. Anemia is characterized by a deficiency in red blood cells or in the concentration of hemoglobin in the body. These deficiencies are caused by either decreased production or increased destruction of blood cells. Anemia is most common among women in their reproductive years, infants, and the elderly.
Anemia Essay Research Paper What is Anemia
Anemia Essay, Research Paper What is Anemia? Anemia is a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood. The word anemia comes from two Greek roots, together meaning ?without
Aol Essay Research Paper Amy LinkEIU 4051Paper
Aol Essay, Research Paper Amy Link EIU 4051 Paper 1 The dietary supplement industry is booming. People are striving for a healthier lifestyle, but our vitamins and minerals supplements really needed? The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that those who choose to take these supplements follow the FDA guidelines.
Proteins Essay Research Paper Two Animal Products
Proteins Essay, Research Paper Two Animal Products vs. Two Protein Amino Acid Supplements The Protein and Amino Acid supplement make claims to build lean muscle mass in conjunction with a healthy diet and exercise (especially weight training). Protein and Amino Acid supplement companies advocate eating 6-8 small healthy meals a day which allows the body to use food more efficiently throughout the day for increased energy and performance.
Supplements Essay Research Paper The debate topic
Supplements Essay, Research Paper The debate topic that I had to preside over was the regulation of drug and herbal supplements. Since I broke the debate into six parts Pros & Cons of labeling, claiming and advertising, this paper will follow the same format. I am going to go over in great detail the high points of both sides debate.
Herbal Supplements And Mice Essay Research Paper
A nutritional scientist was trying to get a new herbal supplement approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Her belief is that the herbal supplement can improve endurance in humans. The scientist took 30 mice and split them into 15 groups of two mice. The two mice in each group are of the same species, have same diet patterns, and same size.
How Folate Can Help Prevent Birth Defects
Essay, Research Paper If you plan to have children some day, here’s important information for the future mother-to-be: Think folate now. Folate is a B vitamin found in a variety of foods and added to many vitamin and mineral supplements as folic acid, a synthetic form of folate. Folate is needed both before and in the first weeks of pregnancy and can help reduce the risk of certain serious and common birth defects called neural tube defects, which affect the brain and spinal cord.
W.R.1
– Inquiry Activity Essay, Research Paper Many people fail to realise that dietary laws actually do exist in our society. In many religions there are great restrictions and guidelines that must be followed when it comes to food selection which dates back to the biblical era. Kashrut (the Jewish dietary laws) is a perfect example of these laws.
Benzoyl Peroxide Essay Research Paper Chemical Name
Benzoyl Peroxide Essay, Research Paper Chemical Name: Benzoyl Peroxide (C14H10O4) Benzoyl peroxide is the main compound found in several different pharmaceuticals for treating acne, food additives, as polymers, and catalysts in several different reactions. Other common names for this compound are; Oxy-10, Panoxyl, Benzagel 10, Benzoic acid, Lucidol, and several others.
Componants Of Life Essay Research Paper Creating
Componants Of Life Essay, Research Paper Creating and adhering to a nutritional plan could be the single most important thing you do in your life. A nutritional plan does not only mean covering your physical health, but your emotional and spiritual health as well. Surviving well on a healthy nutritious diet will only go so far without the spiritual nutrients of love, happiness, sorrow and pain.
Vitamin Supplements What Do Most Americans Need
? Essay, Research Paper Vitamin supplements: What do most Americans need? Vitamin supplements: What do most Americans need? That is the question I will be attempting to answer in the following few pages. To start, I will talk about their beginning as well as their recent growth in popularity in the past decade.
Dietary Supplements Essay Research Paper Dietary supplements
Dietary Supplements Essay, Research Paper Dietary supplements: Beneficial or Hazardous? On any given day, a student athlete could walk into a trainers or coaches office holding up a bottle and ask Hey coach, does this stuff work? This young athlete, playing three sports a year, is referring to the dietary supplement called creatine.
Steroids Essay Research Paper Muscle enhancers are
Steroids Essay, Research Paper Muscle enhancers are exactly what they say they are. They are dietary supplements and drugs that increase mass and build muscle bigger and faster. There really is no reason for muscle enhancers to be fake. They work for almost all people. However it’s not whether or not they work you should be worried about as much as the side affects of them.
Powering Up With Creatine Essay Research Paper
Powering Up With Creatine Many people have wondered if there are any dietary supplements out there that can help them become better athletes and still not harm their bodies. Creatine (methyl guanidine-acetic acid) is a substance that has hit the market with extraordinary power. Creatine is something that the body normally creates and contains.
Sucess From Creatine Essay Research Paper Success
Sucess From Creatine Essay, Research Paper Success From Creatine Many people in athletics avoid using creatine monohydrate because they do not know much about it. They are convinced that something that can help athletes achieve
Herbal Supplements Essay Research Paper Jeff Reese
Herbal Supplements Essay, Research Paper Jeff Reese was a bright, energetic scholar-athlete at the University of Michigan when he died suddenly on December 9, 1997. His death came as a total shock because, as a wrestler, Reese was a fit young man without any known medical conditions. The autopsy said the cause of death was “rhabdomyolysis,” a cellular breakdown of skeletal muscle.
Human 2 Essay Research Paper What Does
Human 2 Essay, Research Paper What Does It Mean To Be Human? To be human, is to be involved in social and cultural interactions that shape our personality. Our culture is formed from our social interactions, and our social life’s continuation depends on our culture. As Charlie demonstrates in the Star Trek episode “Charlie X”, if you do not have social interaction and cultural ideas, values, and rules developed from a society, then you will not form a proper self-image, and
Diet Macronutrients Essay Research Paper My diet
Diet Macronutrients Essay, Research Paper My diet is acceptable in the following Macronutrients: dairy group (3 servings), vegetable soup (3 servings), fruit group (4 servings), and starch/grain (7
Dietary And Activity Habits Essay Research Paper
Abstract Dietary and activity habits were self evaluated over three days (one week day and a weekend). Analysis of 3-day diet records showed mean daily energy and carbohydrate intake to be insufficient to support estimated requirements. Mean intakes of vitamins and most minerals exceeded the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) except Retinol Eq. which was *66% of RDA,Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Folate, Iron, and Phosphorous were *300% of the RDA.Introduction
Dieting Essay Research Paper The assessment of
Dieting Essay, Research Paper The assessment of diet is often a difficult task: accurate evaluation of a person’s diet is dependent on that person’s ability to give a precise account of their food intake; yet the act of recording a person’s intake can easily influence what the person eats during that time, and people tend to have difficulty remembering what they have eaten.
Essay Essay Research Paper When choosing a
Essay Essay, Research Paper When choosing a supplement, it is important to consider your age, individual lifestyle and dietary habits. With some basic knowledge about vitamins and minerals, you can develop your own nutritional profile which will help you assess your needs. In developing your profile, ask yourself these questions: How well do I eat? Do l select foods high in vitamins and minerals? Do I eat at least five servings of fruits and vegetables each day? Am I dieting or watching my calorie and fat intake? Do I smoke? Am I over 50 years old? Am I taking medication(s) on a regular basis? Am I pregnant or trying to become pregnant? Are there other health circumstances that may affect my nutrient needs?
Vitamins Essay Research Paper Vitamins are a
Vitamins Essay, Research Paper Vitamins are a natural living compounds required in the diet humans eat for normal growth and maintenance of life. Vitamins function as “cofactors” in metabolisms of products in the body. Vitamins can’t replace food. Vitamins must be supplied in the diet or in the dietary supplement.
Creatine In Sport Essay Research Paper In
Creatine In Sport Essay, Research Paper In today’s society, a lot of emphasis is placed on how you look. Almost everybody wants that "perfect body". But with all the things people
Journal Report Essay Research Paper Journal Report
Journal Report Essay, Research Paper Journal Report: Personality, Nonverbal Behavior, and Interaction Quality in Female Dyads This article discusses a study that was conducted to determine whether self-reports of personality are reliable in predicting the course of social interaction. It examined the relations between dimensions of the five-factor model and the quality of social encounters that took place among women who were unacquainted with one another.