Jacques Cartier Essay, Research Paper
Tom Jodlowski
09-19-98
History
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier was born in St. Malo (France) in 1491. Not much is known of his life before 1534, when he departed on his first voyage. He was looking for a passage through or around North America to East Asia, as some had done before him, and many would after him.
Though he undoubtedly made a voyage to the New World prior to 1534, probably in Brazil. In 1534, he was given a grant by King Francis I of France to search for the north west passage. Cartier explored the coast of Newfoundland, but found no passage leading westward.
He made the crossing of the Atlantic in only twenty days, and landed on an island near the coast of Newfoundland, by then already much frequented by Breton fisherman. He sailed north, and entered the Straight of Belle Isle. He sailed into and named the gulf of St. Lawrence, sailed along the westcoast of Newfoundland, and crossed the Bay to the Magdalen Islands and Prince Edward Island, both of which he thought were part of the mainland. Then he went to Chaleur Bay and Gaspe? peninsula which he claimed for the French crown. There he saw 50 canoes filled with Micmac indians, who seemed friendly and greeted him with the words napeu tondamen assurtah (we want to make friendship). The next day the French and the Micmac traded and celebrated. Cartier explored the bay, being disappointed that it was not the straight to China he had hoped it to be. He also met a fishing party of 200 Hurons, led by their chief, Donnaconna. His sons, Domagaia and Taignagny, went to France with Cartier to become interpreters. Cartier explored Anticosti Islands and returned to France.
As he had heared of a large river further to the west, and hoped it to be the sought-for northeast passage, Cartier departed on a second voyage in the next year. He sailed through the Strait of Belle Isle again, but this time followed the coast westward, and reached the St. Lawrence. He sailed upriver until the Huron village of Stadacona (at the location of present-day Quebec). Donnacona first greeted him friendly and solemnly, but refused to let him sail further west. Three medicin men dressed up as devils, and warned Cartier not to go further, but Cartier just laughed at it. He went further upriver, leaving the two Huron boys behind.
He reached Hochelaga, another Huron village. Again their coming resulted in extensive festivities. Cartier climbed a mountain he called Mount R’eal (royal mountain), and was appointing when he saw the Lachine Rapids a bit upriver, which told him that this was not the passage to China. He spent the winter in Stadacona. During the winter his men suffered from scurvy, less than ten of his 110 men remained strong enough, and had to get food and water for all. Because he was afraid that the indians would attack if they learned that the French were ill, Cartier ordered his men to make noise when they were near. The expedition might well not have survived if it were not for Domagaia. Domagaia had scurvy too, but ten days later Cartier saw him healthy and well. Domagaia told him he had cured from the bark and needles of the white cedar tree. Just over one week later the tree was bare, but all Cartier’s men were healthy again. The Hurons told him stories about a land in the north, called Saguenay, full of gold and other treasure. None of this was true of course, but the Hurons liked telling stories, and when they found the French liked stories of riches, they were happy to give them these. Willing to let king Francis I to hear about these stories, Cartier kidnapped Donnaconna and his sons, and took them with him to France.
He wanted to make another expedition, this time to look for Saguenay, but because of a war with Spain, and the difficulties of preparing the voyage, he was not able to do so until 1541. This time Cartier would not be the sole leader of the expedition, but had to serve under Jean-Francois de la Rocque, sieur de Robervalas viceroy and commander in chief. He visited Stadacona, and built a fort near the mouth of the Saguenay. His men collected what they thought were diamonds and gold, but in reality were only quartz and iron pyrite (fool’s gold). Cartier himself went west, looking for Saguenay, but got no further than Hochelaga.
Back at his fort (called Charlesbourg-Royal) he spent the winter. Some thirty-five of his men were killed in sporadical indian attacks (the Hurons had become hostile when they realized the French had come to stay), and Cartier was worried about the fact that Roberval did not show up. The next spring he met Roberval on Newfoundland. Roberval wanted him to return, but Cartier refused, and sneaked back to France. Roberval built a fort near Stadacona, wintered there, went looking for Saguenay but also got no further than Hochelaga, and returned to France. Cartier spent the rest of his life in St.-Malo and his nearby estate, and died in September 1, 1557, age 66. He published an account of his voyages in 1545, which was translated into english by Richard Hakluyt in 1600.
In conclusion Jacques Cartier has discovered new land for the French, which sponsored his many voyages (3). He explored the coast of the St. Lawrence river, Mount Royal (Montreal), the coast of the Newfoundland, and Cap Rouge. Even though his goal was to find a northwest passage to china in the westward. Some of his achievements were the French colonies on the St. Lawrence river, the discovery of Montreal, which he called Mount Royal, and the settlement on Cap Rouge. Some setbacks or significant events on his voyage was that less than ten of his one hundred ten of his men suffered from scurvy, a lack of vitamins. Domagaia had found a cure, it was from the bark of a tree as mentioned, the tree went bare at the end of the week, but the crew was healthy again. Another significant event was when he made friends with the indians, and the Benton fisherman, and the Huron village of Stadacona. This explorer shed light to the path of Cabot and Verrazano.
Другие работы по теме:
Romeo An Juliet Essay Research Paper hi
Romeo An Juliet Essay, Research Paper hi i need an essay about a character in romeo and juliet that demonsrtated maturity. in a well developed multi pagraph essay and say why you think the character’s maturity was greater than the other characters in the play.
Enlightnement Thinkers Essay Research Paper Enlightenment philosophers
Enlightnement Thinkers Essay, Research Paper Enlightenment philosophers have had a profound impact on the progress of society, they quite simply have provided the structure for government today. European thinkers such as John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are some of the European political thinkers who have changed the course of history.
French Literature In The Age Of Reason
Essay, Research Paper French Literature in the Age of Reason Essay submitted by Carri Fjell The Age of Reason, or the Enlightenment, was a period in France during the 1700’s
World Civilization Essay Research Paper World Civilization
World Civilization Essay, Research Paper World Civilization II January 14, 2000 The Lesser Half When Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote about the inequalities of women it was acceptable for that time period. During the 1700’s a women’s role was primarily to bear and raise their children, which is emphasized by Rousseau in Emile.
Oh Really Essay Research Paper Oh Reallyyou
Oh Really? Essay, Research Paper Oh Really, you think i am a lark, the dogs they run and bark, but when i say to them, shut up shut up shut up, you say to be nice to them,
Rousseau Essay Research Paper Jean Jacques Rousseau
Rousseau Essay, Research Paper Jean Jacques Rousseau a French philosopher and theorist, has had an effect on societies of in the past by his expression of general will. In the general will freedom and equality are presupposed. Governments of the past and present have had Roussean content. Freedom and equality have presupposed each other by way of the general will and compelled obedience.
911 And JeanJacques Rousseau Essay Research Paper
L?Etat C?est Moi : Absolutism in the Age of ReasonBy analyzing the Taliban regime and their motives, Jean-Jacques Rousseau?s ideas, and by comparing the two, it will be made evident that Jean-Jacques Rousseau?s ideas of government rule over people?s lives is true in this specific case.
Jacque Marquette Essay Research Paper Jacques MarquetteFebruary
Jacque Marquette Essay, Research Paper Jacques Marquette February 25,1997 Jacques Marquette was a great French Jesuit Missionary and explorer. He was also known as Pere Marquette. He was born at Laon in Northern France on June 1, 1637. He was one of the first white men to explore the upper Mississippi River region.
Shane Essay Research Paper Sometimes I need
Shane Essay, Research Paper Sometimes, I need you more than I need air And sometimes I miss you more than I will forever, never forget the times that we have shaared. The are priceless
Poem Belong Essay Research Paper Where I
Poem: Belong Essay, Research Paper Where I belong I am weak, I am strong I will fit where I belong don’t know where it is for now but it will come, if I allow tomorrow, I start a brand new day
Revolution In A Tale Of Two Cities
Essay, Research Paper Revolution It was the year 1789, when the flood started. The flood known as the French Revolution. The revolution brought France all the change, we desired for a long time. The success of the revolution can not even be expressed in words. I only wish that the flood was started earlier.
Him Essay Research Paper I think about
Him Essay, Research Paper I think about him day and night The though won’t go away And, oh, how I would hold him tight every second of the day He is perfect, that is true, not an average me or you
Martin The Warrior Essay Research Paper The
Martin The Warrior Essay, Research Paper The novel, Martin the Warrior by Brian Jacques, is a book about a young mouse warrior named Martin, son of Luke the Warrior, a mouse that fought sea rats, One
Colonization 2 Essay Research Paper ColonizationThe promise
Colonization 2 Essay, Research Paper Colonization The promise of new riches and the potential discovery of the fabled Northwest Passage were the primary objectives, which fueled the exploration of the New World. Yet these goals were not practical enough when the European nations decided to colonize the Americas.
Henri CartierBresson Essay Research Paper Henri CartierBresson
Henri Cartier-Bresson Essay, Research Paper Henri Cartier-Bresson has been called “equivocal, ambivalent and accidental”1 since his debut as a photojournalist. Amplified and enriched, the work of the photographer is revealed in all its grandeur. While he may appear to “be a hurried man or a traveler without luggage”2, to quote a few of his titles, he is a poet, attentive to the act of love made with each photograph, and this is where the genius is revealed.
HenriCartier Brensson Essay Research Paper HenriCartier BrenssonHenri
Henri-Cartier Brensson Essay, Research Paper Henri-Cartier BrenssonHenri Cartier-Bresson, the French photographer, was born in 1908 and later studied painting a number of years before gaining interest in photography around the 1930’s. He began photographing with a small hand-held Leica rarely using lens filters and developing his photographs on gelatin silver prints.
Cartier
– Bresson Essay, Research Paper One of this century?s icons in photography Henri-Cartier Bresson, thought to be the Father of modern day Street Photography, transformed the field through his
Bilingualism Essay Research Paper BilingualismWhat is Bilingualism
Bilingualism Essay, Research Paper Bilingualism What is Bilingualism? Bilingualism is the ability to fluently speak or write two languages. Canada is a bilingual country that has English and French, as it s two official languages. Canada has an Official Languages Act, which was passed in 1969 by Minister of Justice Pierre Elliott Trudeau.
Poem She Sat Essay Research Paper She
Poem: She Sat Essay, Research Paper She sat… helpless in her room praying to whatever god there may be to let her call to him. could god ignore such a painful cry?
The Womans Proper Role In Society Essay
, Research Paper Tony Jacques Social Problems in American Society Russ D. What is the woman’s proper role in American society? Men and women are by no means equal. There are always going to be certain attributes of each gender that the other can’t duplicate. This does not mean that any one is better than the other, but that, aside from the obvious fundamental differences, we should treat both sexes equally, making allowances for these differences.
Happiness Essay Research Paper Happiness is defined
Happiness Essay, Research Paper Happiness is defined in the dictionary as a pleasureable or satisfying experience. A person ability to acheive happiness is of their own free will to allow themselves to a moderate amount of the sense. EVeyrone has a different interpretation of the level of thei happiness.
Laws
– Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau Essay, Research Paper Laws. We all must obey them, but why? For fear of going to jail, or being fined? Those are the individual effects of civil disobedience, but what happens what is the purpose of law in society? Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all attempted to interpret the need for laws in society, in order to maintain the good of the whole and the individual.
Ode To Boys Essay Research Paper We
Ode To Boys Essay, Research Paper We like them But do they like us The ones we do never fuss They don’t stop in And we wonder why We stress, we bitch We sometimes cry
Untitled Essay Research Paper CANADA Did
Untitled Essay, Research Paper CANADA Did you ever stop and wonder how much we take the place we live for granted? If you were to take the time, you would discover how diverse are Canada’s history, geography, climate, economy, cultures and government. Did you know it is the largest country in the world now that U.S.S.R broke up.
Life Is Like Essay Research Paper Life
Life Is Like Essay, Research Paper Life is like a car. When it?s new, it usually works all right. As time drives by, it breaks down and needs repairs. Life is like a leaf. In its youth, it
Dare Essay Essay Research Paper What DARE
Dare Essay Essay, Research Paper What D.A.R.E Means To Me Dare has prepared me to say no to drugs in eight different ways. If anyone asks me to do drugs I will know what to do, such as- just ignoring the person or just