Eugene Hlebtsevich and the establishment of free public libraries in Belarus in the early twentieth century in the context of socio-political and cultural processes of the time
In the early twentieth-century in Czarist Russia, as well as on its national border regions, including in Belarus (the so-called North-West province), there was a series of democratic processes. There was a massive struggle for social emancipation, which resulted in the Revolution 1905 - 1907 period, resulting from the tsarist monarchy was forced to transform itself into a constitutional (launched Duma). On the outskirts of the national struggle for social emancipation and reinforced by a battle for national interests. Tsarist government to make certain concessions. So, December 25, 1904 was repealed a ban on the Belarusian word in print, which operated since 1867. They began to legally leave their native language Belarusian books, newspapers and magazines. Intensified theatrical musical life. Unequivocal national coloring acquired paintings. In general, this was the period of the Belarusian national revival. On the cultural-historical arena there are such giants as Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas in the literature, Ihnat Bujnicki in the theatrical sphere, Euthymios Kars in philology and bibliography, Eugene Hlebtsevich in Librarianship. In 1902, he formed the first Belarusian National Party AAH (Belarusian Socialist Gromada) - Leading party of students, officials and writers. In 1903, delegates of the Congress I took AAH program aimed at achieving autonomy of Belarus. In 1906 at the II Congress of the AAH thesis autonomy was deepened and assigned, supplemented by the idea of convening the Diet. The most important centers of the Belarusian national revival were then Vilna, Minsk, Grodno and Petersburg, which uchilos many young people from Belarus, especially in the Grodno region.
In the wake of the national liberation movement arose Belarusian scientific-literary circle of students of St. Petersburg University. Members of the circle, and the first known later library activist Eugene Hlebtsevich, who initiated the establishment of free public libraries in Belarus. As the historian of librarianship MI Bye, "was created 11 public libraries: nine in the Grodno province and two in Minsk. They distributed literature among the residents of more than 100 villages "[1, pp. 55]. The basis of these libraries were progressive book publisher FF Pavlenkov. Brother Eugene Hlebtsevicha Vladimir wrote that "a well-known publisher Pavlenkov donated as a bequest capital on the device of public libraries" [2, pp. 139]. Active participation in the selection of literature for public libraries and their supply has democratic intelligentsia of Belarus. For example, Yanka Kupala, who was at that time in St. Petersburg, ensure people's library of publications of Belarusian publishing house "Look sonce ³ ® our akontsa. Members of the Belarusian scientific and literary circles of St. Petersburg University bustled about getting books from publishers "Knowledge", "mediator" and others, organized evenings and concerts, part of the collection of which was to purchase books for public libraries. At the request of members of the group Petersburg Academy of Sciences as an exception to free allocated libraries works of Russian classical literature, sent their books Tolstoy, Gorky, Serafimovich. Due to public libraries Belarusian peasants first opportunity to get acquainted with the works of their national writers Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas, aunts, F. Bahuševič and others, with the first Belarusian newspaper "Our share" and "Nasha Niva".
The idea of free public libraries, the desire to make the book accessible to the masses organically fit into the socialist ideology, which had been committed and Eugene Hlebtsevich, an active worker masses. At the invitation of aunts, he took part in the II Congress of AAH [3, pp. 194, 4, pp. 70, 5, pp. 310, 6, pp. 652]. He was personally acquainted with many members of this party: the same aunt, K. lanterns, A. Burbisom and others. The idea of socialism in the best sense of the word is quite close to the Belarusian mentality, our character. Since ancient times Belarus has its peculiar distribution of popular socialism - toloka. During the agricultural works provided free collective assistance to those in need: widows, soldiers' wives, lonely elderly people. Do not accidentally press organs of the Belarusian Socialist masses of the newspaper "Our share" and especially "Nasha Niva" were truly all-country newspapers. At the Library Science and literary themes in them actively published Eugene Hlebtsevich.
Socialist ideology, in its ideal, in the correct, undistorted form and is close to universal values, the Christian religion. Father Eugene Hlebtsevicha had direct relevance to the spiritual service. Ivan Hlebtsevich taught arithmetic, ancient Greek and Latin languages, geography in Zhirovichi a religious school and also headed the library Zhirovichi monastery. "In the library very often visited his son, Eugene. He studied with his father, as one must be able to read the book, to know it ", - notes the modern ethnographer SN Chigrin [7, pp. 27]. Any library appears to us as a kind of temple, especially the monastic library - this is all we can say, a temple in the temple. Thus, since early childhood Eugene Hlebtsevich had the opportunity to partake of God's great gift book, dreaming of making it socially meaningful, accessible to all people. While studying Zhirovichi boy in a religious school and Vilna Orthodox seminary only strengthened this desire. Then, when Eugene Hlebtsevich was already a student at St. Petersburg University, plans to "Library of socialism" were translated into real life. Connected to this work and father Eugene. In the village of the district Kleniki Belsky Grodno province, he headed the free public library, reading room named after FF Pavlenkova, opened in 1907 through the efforts of his son Eugene. At the same time here in Klenikah, Ivan Hlebtsevich served in the local church Orthodox priest.
In 1911, Eugene Hlebtsevich attended the First All-Russia Congress of Librarianship, where a presentation on "Library Development in Belarus", in which great attention paid to the activity of free public libraries. In 1912, student’s circle has issued a pamphlet in Kovno E. Hlebtsevicha “Libraries and cooperation", one of the first works on the theory and the organization of library science. Naturally, the basis for the organization of library work by the author on the principle of the socialist formation and functioning of national libraries. How researcher of library science he wrote another book "The mass reader and anti-religious propaganda", "general reader, and work with the book, the first of which was published in Moscow and Leningrad in 1928, the second - in Moscow in 1936. The works were written in the spirit of socialism, in the spirit of social justice, equality and democracy reader. E. Hlebtsevich still very concerned about meeting the reading needs of the common man, and anti-religious propaganda was to impose the Soviet socio-political model is a travesty and distorts the true socialism. As literary critic E. Hlebtsevich published in St. Petersburg in 1914 the book "Revival of the Belarusian populist literature", reprinted in 1917 under the title "Populist Poetry Belarusians.
Domestic cultural studies and literary AM Petkevich with regret that Eugene Hlebtsevich "in 1930 was forced to flee from the Belarusian intellectuals fleeing pogroms in Russia" [8, pp. 24]. In general, Eugene Hlebtsevich went down in history as the famous Belarusian, and then the Russian researcher of library science as the best man of his time, the initiator of creation in Belarus network of free public libraries. Ideas Hlebtsevicha accessible books, knowledge and education lives in our country today.
Другие работы по теме:
Family Life Cycle Essay Research Paper There
Family Life Cycle Essay, Research Paper There are several ways in which the family life cycle can be analyzed in comparison to the definition of the family. They can be static, focusing on structures for instance, role relations or they can capture dynamic processes; how role relationships between husband and wife or parent and child change over time and how they are related to socio-cultural changes.
Pravomonarhist movement
A conservative-protective or right-monarchist as one of the most influential trends in Russia's socio-political movement of the early XX century. "Russian assembly", "Russian Monarchist Party, the Union of Russian people" and "Union of Russian People".
Famous People of Belarus
There are many famous people in our republic. Many Minsk streets are named after the Balarusian writers.
Theater Essay Research Paper Villa Vendidos y
Theater Essay, Research Paper Villa, Vendidos, y Vatos Actos are reflections of a Chican@ s experience. Just like most Chican@s are different from each other, but at the core share the same value system, so it is with actos. Huerta uncovers the meaning of three actos, The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa, Los vendidos, La victima, that share the theme of Chican@ identity in the late twentieth century.
Andrew Carnegie Essay Research Paper Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie Essay, Research Paper Andrew Carnegie always thought reading was one of the best ways to learn. He was also a very generous person in the industrial revolution. To be very generous in donations you do need money, and he definitely had a lot of money to be generous. This generosity completed the industrial revolution.
Twentieth Century Love Essay Research Paper Twentieth
Twentieth Century Love Essay, Research Paper Twentieth Century Love Love is the most priceless treasure that life affords us. Religions enshrine it, billboards exploit it, professors categorize it, and newspapers report on its perversions. From agape an alterisitc love form, from the 5th century, to the modern open love of the twentieth century.
Libraries Essay Research Paper 1 The names
Libraries Essay, Research Paper 1. The names of two other libraries on the campus are the new Science Library and the Gov. Thomas E. Dewy Graduate Library for Public Affairs and Policy.
Political Context Of Dante
’s Inferno Essay, Research Paper The political context of Dante’s Inferno Dante’s “Inferno” was a great epic poem of the early Renaissance. It was known for its astute commentary on political and religious levels, both deeply woven into the work through allegory. Dante wrote his Divine Comedy in a specific historical and political context.
Is The Internet Really Free Essay Research
Paper First Amendment rights for Net users: The Internet can be credited for being the greatest invention of the twentieth century. Along with this marvelous invention comes great controversy, should the Internet be
History Of Photography Essay Research Paper Towards
History Of Photography Essay, Research Paper Towards the end of the century there was a growing dissatisfaction with the photographic establishment in England and in America. At the turn of the century Stieglitz was the most important photographer in America. In England this led to a mass of resignations from the Photographic Society, and the formation of a group known as the Linked Ring, whilst in America, in 1902, an avant-garde group of photographers led by Stieglitz, also sought to break away from the orthodox approach to photography, and from what they considered was the stale work of fellow photographers.
Womens Rights Essay Research Paper Women rightsThroughout
Womens Rights Essay, Research Paper Women rights Throughout history of Western civilization, deep-seated cultural beliefs allowed women only limited roles in society. Many people believed that women’s natural roles were as mothers and wives. These people considered women to be better suited for childbearing and homemaking rather than for involvement in the public life of business or politics.
Societies Realization Of Rock Essay Research Paper
Societies realization of Rock by Karen The cultural establishment of the “50’s was one of prosperity and rules. Authority figures were respected. There was a “right” and “wrong”. There were accepted ways of doing things and white people did what was “expected” of their “class”. Children and teenagers of the early ’50’s followed these rules obediently and unquestioningly.
Filtering The Net Essay Research Paper Filtering
Filtering The Net Essay, Research Paper Filtering the Net Over the last several years many attempts have been made to put a limit on what can be viewed on the Internet. In 1996, it was the Communications Decency Act and in 1999 the Child Online Protection Act. Both were shot down because they were said to violate the first amendment right to free speech.
Banning Of Huckleberry Finn Essay Research Paper
Thesis: The banning of Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn from public schools and libraries is unjustified. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn long after the Civil War during a time when slavery was no longer instituted in the United States. However, the story itself takes place before the War, and the attitudes and actions of Southerners during that period are boldly reflected throughout the novel#.
Abolute Monarchs Essay Research Paper ABSOLUTE MONARCHS
Abolute Monarchs Essay, Research Paper ABSOLUTE MONARCHS During the middle of the seventeen century and early eighteen century, the system of central authority was established. King Louis XIV (Sun King), Frederick William (The Elector), and Tsar Peter I (The Great) their achievements, policies, and similarities were in view of obtaining desired goals.
Twentieth Century Essay Research Paper The new
Twentieth Century Essay, Research Paper The new generation of drivers have been an interesting symbol in the twentieth century , these new generation of drivers have best represented our revised American culture , not merely because of their impact on our culture but because they have changed our relationship to automobiles in our society . the new generation of drivers have a tendency to sacrifice responsibility for convenience .They have significantly changed our personal standards by accumulating driving violations .
The Color Essay Research Paper The Color
The Color Essay, Research Paper The Color Purple by Alice Walker The Color Purple, by Alice Walker, is a very intense book to read. By intense, I mean it is a book touching very difficult and hard aspects of life of
Belarus Essay Research Paper Belarus is a
Belarus Essay, Research Paper Belarus is a country in Asia. It is right below Russia. In the 5th century, Belarus (also known as White Russia) was colonized by east Slavic tribes. Kiev dominated it from the 9th to 12th centuries. After the destruction of Kiev by the Mongols in the 13th century, the territory was conquered by the dukes of Lithuania, although it retained an amount of autonomy.
Animal House Essay Research Paper Social commentary
Animal House Essay, Research Paper Social commentary is sometimes found at the heart of good art, whether that art form is literature or popular music. The novel, Animal Farm by George Orwell, and the rock album, Animals written and performed by Pink Floyd share the same characteristic of scathing social commentary.
Comments On Matthew Arnold S Philistinism
In England And America (A Plato Critique) Essay, Research Paper Comments on Matthew Arnold s Philistinism in England and America In his essay, Philistinism in England and America, Matthew Arnold examines the ancient ideas of Plato in the context of a twentieth century, capitalist society. As he agrees with almost all of what Plato had to say, he also admits that he is outdated, and that some of his teachings cannot be applied to us, living in an industrial superpower such as the United States.
Czar Alexander II 18551881 Essay Research Paper
Russia was the most backward of the 19th century major powers (had little industry, an autocratic gov. w/ no constitution and mainly an illiterate peasant pop.) Brought the Crimean War (against Franco-British forces) to an end. Instituted ‘Liberalization’ processes Edict of Emancipation (1861): peasants had no obligations to nobles / peasants were given 50% of the agric. land / the nobles were compensated through taxes for the loss of land / the commune (Mir) became a basis for tax collection & distribution of land The establishment of the Zemstvo, which was elected local councils with the resp. for collecting taxes, building projects, levying rates… Trial by jury (in public) was introduced / censorship lessened Town councils were established (1870) The army was reformed (conscription for all classes — 1870), service time was reduced, and training and education facilities were
Ottoman Empire Essay Research Paper The Ottoman
Ottoman Empire Essay, Research Paper The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was founded in the late thirteenth century and last until the early twentieth century. This empire was one of history s greatest military empires (564 McKay, Hill, Buckler) that was centered around the present day country of Turkey.
From the history of Belarus
, устная тема по английскому языку с переводом. Топики. Belarus is Eastern Slavic nation, historically part of Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Poland and Russia it regained its independence on the 27th of july, 1990. The territory of present-day Belarus was first populated in the Early Stone age by Eastern Slavic tribes, the forebears of the Belorussions are the Krivichi, Radimichi and Dregovichi.
The emergence of the first Polish socialist parties
Polish workers' socialist movement before the first Russian Revolution. Socialist circles of self-organized students, workers and intellectuals are the form of political party. The specificity of the Polish socialist movement in the territory of Belarus.