Essay, Research Paper
Alpha particles: consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (Helium nucleus)
highly ionizing therefore they strongly attract electrons
have a charge of +2
bent by electric and magnetic fields but not as much as beta due to larger
mass
relatively heavy and slow moving
absorbed by skin / 5cm air / card therefore it has poor penetrating power
Beta Particles: a fast moving electron
in beta radiation, a neutron turns into a proton and an electron and the
electron is ejected
very light (little mass)
weak ionizing ability
move at 9/10 the speed of light
bent strongly by electric and magnetic fields
fast moving, moves up to 30-50cm in air, absorbed by 5mm Al. Can ionize an
air molecule Gamma Rays: electromagnetic rays
moves at the speed of light
high energy radiation with shorter wavelength than X rays
never fully absorbed therefore has a very long range
very very weakly ionizing because it has no charge or mass
not affected by electric and magnetic fields
kills living cells
only emitted with alpha and beta particles
strength halved by thick concrete, thick lead (25mm) For nuclear equations: When alpha decay occurs, mass no. decreases by 4 and atomic no. decreases by
2.
For beta decay, mass number does not change, atomic number increases by 1.
Gamma decay, a gamma ray is released (energy), no change to mass &
atomic number.
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