Ernest Rutherford Essay, Research Paper
Rutherford was born on August 30, 1871, in Nelson, New Zealand. He was educated at the University of New Zealand and the University of Cambridge. He was a professor of physics at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec from 1989 to 1907. He was also professor at the University of Manchester in England. After 1919 he was professor of experimental physics and director of the Cavendish Lab at the University of Cambridge moreover held a professorship, after 1920, at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London.
Rutherford stated that an atom consists largely of empty space, with an electrically positive nucleus in the center and electrically negative electrons orbiting the nucleus. He identified the 3 main components of radiation and named them alpha, beta, and gammy rays. Alpha particles are actually the nuclei of helium atoms. Each alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons, with a charge of 2+ and a mass of 4 atomic mass units. On the average, their speed is about 1/10 the speed of the light. Usually they travel only a few centimeters through air. They can be stopped by a single sheet of paper. Alpha particles electrically charge molecules in the air through which they travel. Beta particles consist of streams of electrons traveling at very high speeds, often approaching the speed of light. They have a mass of 0.000 55 atomic mass unit and a charge of 1-. They have a greater power to penetrate than alpha particles but less electrical charge ability. Beta particles can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminum. Gamma rays are type of electromagnetic radiation. They are similar to X rays but have greater penetrating power than X rays, alpha or beta particles. It takes several centimeters of lead and an even greater thickness of iron to block gamma rays. Gamma rays, like alpha and beta particles, can ionize atoms they strike. His study of radiation led to his formulation of the theory of atomic structure, which was the first to describe the atom as adense nucleus about which electrons circulate in orbits.
He conducted his most important experiment in nuclear physics when he bombarded nitrogen gas with alpha particles and obtained atoms on oxygen isotope and protons. This transmutation of nitrogen into the oxygen was the first artificially induced nuclear reaction. It inspired he intensive research of later scientists on other nuclear transformations and on the nature and properties on radiation. In his experiment, Rutherford used the setup shown in the next page. As shown in the drawing, Rutheford used a very thin sheet of gold as a target. On one side of the foil was a lead box containing a radioactive particle. A small hole in the box permitted a narrow stream of alpha particles to shoot out. These particles were directed at right angles to the surface of the foil. Surrounding the foil was a screen coated with zinc sulfide. Each time an alpha particles hit this coating, a flash of light, it was possible to see whether the alpha particles that passed through the foil had been deflected. Rutherford and the British physicist Fedrick Soddy developed the explanation of radioactivity that scientists accept today. The rutherford, a unit of radioactivity was named in his honor.
Royal Society in 1903 and served as president of that institution from 1925 through 1930. His successful experiment led him to be fellow of Royal Society. He awarded Nobel Prize in chemistry. He died in London on October 19, 1937, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. He also published many books. He wrote the book Radioactivity in 904 : Radiation from Radioactive Substances in 1930, which he wrote with British physicists Sir James Chadwick and Chales Drummond Ellis, and which has become standard text; and The Newer Alchemy in 1937.
His experiment brought new ideas of radiation by identifying three main radioactive particles. A lot of scientist in today studies radioactivity according Rutherford?s theory.
Другие работы по теме:
Петр Капица /english/
Доклад о выдающемся русском физике Петре Капице. Биографическая справка и научная деятельность в области физики, нобелевская премия.
Atomic Theory Essay Research Paper In ancient
Atomic Theory Essay, Research Paper In ancient Greek the word atom meant the smallest indivisible particle that could be conceived. The atom was thought of as indestructible; in fact, the Greek word for atom means “not divisible.” Knowledge about the size and make up of the atom grew very slowly as scientific theory progressed.
Ernest Rutherford Life Of Essay Research Paper
ERNEST RUTHERFORD. Ernest Rutherford was born in Spring Grove in New Zealand on August 30th, 1871. His parents, James and Martha, had emigrated from Great Britain and believed their children, numbering 12, should have proper education. At the age of 16 Ernest won his first scholarship to Nelson College, where he was a popular student.
Rutherford
’s Discoveries Essay, Research Paper Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford was born in New Zealand in 1871 as one of 12 children. It was Rutherford who first “split” an atom and who discovered the atomic “nucleus”, a name that he invented. For this he is regarded as the greatest experimental physicist of his time.
Rutherford Bichard Hayes Essay Research Paper Rutherford
Rutherford Bichard Hayes Essay, Research Paper Rutherford B. Hayes (19th president) Rutherford Bichard Hayes was not a well know president. He was not president that had the opportunity to lead us through a war. He was not a president that would draw much attention to the public eye. He was however one of the presidents that had a great triumph over a major U.S. problem, economics and civil rights following a war.
Rutherford B Hayes Essay Research Paper Rutherford
Rutherford B. Hayes Essay, Research Paper Rutherford B. Hayes was considered by many to be a simple, uncontroversial, and honest man to run for the presidency. That is why many people are perplexed that such an astute person should have one of the most controversial elections and presidencies ever. Considering Hayes honorable principles, it came as a surprise to see how he could unknowingly make a decision about reconstruction where its effects were so blatantly derogatory to the cause he was trying to help.
Rutherford Essay Research Paper Ernest Rutherford 18711937Ernest
Rutherford Essay, Research Paper Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand. Rutherford demonstrated his abilities as a scientist early on while working on his B.Sc. at the University of New Zealand in 1894. He showed that the magnetization can be removed from a magnetized iron needle by dissolving the surface layer of the metal in acid.
Atomic Theory Essay Research Paper ChemistryA Brief
Atomic Theory Essay, Research Paper Chemistry: A Brief History of Atomic Theory February 28, 1999 In the beginning of the 1800s John Dalton, an English scientist did work some work on gases, which lead him to the creation of a complex system of symbols for all known elements at the time. He took all the information he had collected, along with the Laws of Conservation of Mass, Definite Composition and Multiple Proportions and updated Aristotle’s theory of matter with the Atomic Theory of Matter, which stated: – All matter is composed of tiny, indivisible particles called atoms. – Atoms of an element have identical properties. – Atoms of different elements have different properties. – Atoms of two or more elements can combine in constant ratios to form new substances.
Bohr At The Rutherford Lab Essay Research
Paper Bohr at the Rutherford Lab Everyone at the time imagined the atom as a “plum pudding.” That is, it was roughly the same thing throughout, with negatively charged electrons scattered about in it like raisins in a pudding. As part of an experiment with x-rays in 1909, Rutherford was shooting a beam of alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil only 1/3000 of an inch thick, and tracing the particles’ paths.
Perseverance Essay Research Paper PerseverancePeople wonder what
Perseverance Essay, Research Paper Perseverance People wonder what perseverance is? According to The America Heritage Dictionary perseverance means: To persist in or remain constant to a purpose, idea, or task in spite of obstacles. In the book, The Old Man and the Sea, by Ernest Hemingway, the main character Santiago shows many ways of perseverance.
Alfred Nobel Essay Research Paper The inventor
Alfred Nobel Essay, Research Paper The inventor of dynamite was a very important roll to take part in. The ultimate inventor of it was a mane named Alfred Nobel. Before dynamite, miners had to use nitrogen to blow holes in rock and other things. However it is too volatile and can explode incredibly easily. Alfred changed all this.
Ernest Hemingway 2 Essay Research Paper A
Ernest Hemingway 2 Essay, Research Paper A person can easily recognize Ernest Hemingway s writing style by his simple sentence structure, clear dialogue, and the hopelessness of his characters. Soldier s Home , Hills Like White Elephants , and A Clean well-Lighted Place are perfect examples of three short stories that easily define his unique style.
Hemingway Essay Research Paper NonFiction Book ReportThe
Hemingway Essay, Research Paper Non-Fiction Book Report The book Ernest Hemingway and his world was written by Anthony Burgess and it was published in 1978 by Charles Scribners Sons. Its main concept is about the life of Ernest Hemingway and how he differed from his fellow writers in being a very strong man of action.
Third Eye Blind Essay Research Paper Dr
Third Eye Blind Essay, Research Paper Dr. Ernest Everett Just, was born in 1883 and he died in 1941. He spent most of his life trying to understand the mystery of biology, being a biologist himself. He has many contributions to the branches of science, for instance the facts about fertilization and pointed the way toward a better knowledge of the way all cells work.
Ernest Everett Essay Research Paper Ernest Everett
Ernest Everett Essay, Research Paper Ernest Everett Just Ernest Everett Just was born in Charleston, South Carolina on August 14, 1883 to parents Charles Frazier and Mary Matthews Just. He prepared for college at Kimball Hall Academy, New Hampshire, where he completed the four-year course of study in only three years.
The Atom Essay Research Paper Many incredible
The Atom Essay, Research Paper Many incredible theories about the structure of the atom arose during the turn of the 20th century. Physicists from across the globe searched for answers to so many unknown ideas about the atom. Each time a new idea came about the questions would not stop there. It would only lead to another hypothesis and therefore lead to another quest to find answers.
Niels Bohr Essay Research Paper October 21
Niels Bohr Essay, Research Paper October 21, 1998 Niels Bohr Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, he is the son of a physiology professor, and went to school at the University of Copenhagen, this is where he got his doctorate in 1911.
Benefits Of Radiation Essay Research Paper
Benefits of Radiation Radioactivity is the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei by the emission of subatomic particles called alpha particles and beta particles, or of electromagnetic rays called X rays and gamma rays. The phenomenon was discovered in 1896 by the French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel when he observed that the element uranium can blacken a photographic plate, although separated from it by glass or black paper.
Euthanasia Essay Research Paper Retired professor and
Euthanasia Essay, Research Paper Retired professor and psychoanalyst Ernest Van den Haag, by defending the right to commit suicide, made an appeal to J.S. Mill?s principle. Van den Haag said that people should have the right to choose as they please, as long as no one else is hurt (Hallock 13). According to the constitution, people have the right to decide death, not the government (Dority 8).
Ernest Hemingway Essay Essay Research Paper Final
Ernest Hemingway Essay Essay, Research Paper Final Draft Hemingway Essay A good writer s objective is to say as much as possible as briefly as possible. This enables the thinking about the implications of the word s presented. Ernest Hemingway explained this idea in his iceberg theory of writing fiction in an interview for Paris Review: If it is any use to know it, I always try to write on the principle of the iceberg.
Ernest Hemingway Style Essay Research Paper Ernest
Ernest Hemingway: Style Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemingway was a writer whose style was very different to that of most writers in his time. Instead of using more drawn out, overly descriptive writing, his stories were more of a “get to the point” style. This gave his works a much different feel and set them aside from what was common during his lifetime.
Biography Of Wcw Essay Research Paper William
Biography Of Wcw Essay, Research Paper William Carlos Williams (1883-1963), was an American poet, novelist, and physician, who wrote in distinctly American speech about everyday situations. He began writing poetry while a student at Horace Mann High School, at which time he made the decision to become both a writer and a doctor.
Election Of 1876 Essay Research Paper Why
Election Of 1876 Essay, Research Paper Why Hayes Should Not Have Won the Election The position of President is the most important position in the United States government. Wouldn t you think that we should have the very best man in that position that we can get? I, Samuel Tilden, feel that the Election of 1876 was a disgrace to the history of our government.
Development Of The Modern Atom Essay Research
Paper Development of the Modern Atomic Theory The modern atomic theory we have today came from contributions of many different scientists. Democritus, Dalton, Thompson, Millikan and Rutherford all had their specific contributions to the development of the Atomic theory we have come to know today.
Modern Atom Model Essay Research Paper The
Modern Atom Model Essay, Research Paper The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere.
Calhoun
’s Transformation Essay, Research Paper The Middle Passage, by Charles Johnson is a log of events form a slave ship authored by the main character, Rutherford Calhoun. Our narrator, Calhoun, recalls the tale of a voyage half way around the world, a six-month transitional period which thoroughly reconstructs his previous life-style.
Untitled Essay Research Paper Yazan Fahmawi
Untitled Essay, Research Paper Yazan Fahmawi T3 IBS Chemistry Ms. Redman Historical Development of Atomic Structure The idea behind the "atom" goes back to the Ancient Greek society, where
A Farewell To Arms Essay Research Paper 2
A Farewell To Arms- Essay, Research Paper A Farewell to Arms- The book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a classic about the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story
Chicago Mafia Essay Research Paper Nick RutherfordMrs
Chicago Mafia Essay, Research Paper Nick Rutherford Mrs. Lay English 105 Context Paper Mafia The early days of the Mob and there Italian hertiage, came to the United States areound the 1890s. Most of the Mob was located and running their businesses out of New York. New York was be3ggining to become small since there were so many “families’ trying to run the city.
Evolution Of Modern Atom Essay Research Paper
The evolution of the modern atom model took several years to evolved with contribution from different scientists. One of these scientists, the first to come up with a modern model of the atom is JJ Thomson. Thomson proposes that the structure of an atom is mainly a sphere. A sphere that is filled with positive electronic field and contains tiny particles that has a negative charge.
Atomic Physics Essay Research Paper subject
Atomic Physics Essay, Research Paper subject = physics title = Atomic Physics papers = Please put your paper here. ATOMIC PHYSICS Atomic Physics- is the study of atomic matter.