Colombia Essay, Research Paper
Farnaz Falsafi
Espa?ol 308
16/5/00
Colombia
Colombia es unos de los pa?ses m?s interesantes en Latinoam?rica. La historia de Colombia puede ser dividido por tres ?pocas importantes: inmediatamente despu?s de la independencia, durante de la crisis mundial, y en la actualidad. Por toda su historia, Colombia ha sido formado y influido por tres aspectos importantes: la econom?a, la pol?tica, y la sociedad.
La ?poca de su independencia era una ?poca muy importante y susceptible para Colombia, como es para cualquier pa?s. Colombia gan? su independencia de Espa?a en el 20 de julio en 1810. Hab?a algunas causas especificas por eso, incluyendo la invasi?n en Espa?a de Francia y impuestos nuevos que Espa?a impuso en Colombia. La econom?a de Colombia en esos tiempos no funcionaba tan bien como pod?a. Aunque hab?a una liberalizaci?n del comercio internacional, la agricultura y la miner?a no eran muy prosperas. Tambi?n, el comercio fue limitado a un grupo peque?o de ricos. Adem?s, la industria de bancos fue insuficiente para cumplir las demandas de la gente. A pesar de la necesidad para cambios, Colombia guard? esclavitud, impuestos altos, y el gobierno tenia un monopolio en tabaco y alcohol. Este gobierno despu?s de la independencia fue dividido entre dos grupos de criollos en oposici?n. Uno fue los consejos provinciales que quer?an un gobierno federal como lo en los EEUU. Ellos, con su l?der Torres, segu?an las ideas de la Ilustraci?n y eran muy liberales. El otro grupo, los consejos en Bogot? con su l?der Nari?o, quer?an un gobierno autoritario con el poder esforzado por un hombre en control. Pero, para evitar una guerra civil entre ellos, un congreso form? una constituci?n que dividi? la tierra por provinciales y se llamaron Nueva Granada. Como casi todos los pa?ses latinoamericanos, los pocos ricos ten?an el poder en el gobierno y en otros aspectos de la vida, y la mayor?a de la gente era pobre campesinos. A la base de la pir?mide social fueron los esclavos que ten?an vidas m?s duras que todos.
Despu?s de muchos anos, la crisis mundial afect? Colombia como el resto del mundo. En los primeros anos de los 30s, la econom?a de Colombia sufri? una crisis tambi?n. El caf? no fue exportado, debido a la falta de dinero alrededor del mundo, y el precio del caf? subi? much?simo. Tambi?n, los prestados de los EEUU que recibi? Colombia pararon. Pero, debajo del presidente Pumarejo, hab?a un incremento en industrializaci?n interna en el pa?s. Un factor importante fue la crisis mundial, que limito la capacidad de buenos que pod?an ser importados, y limito comercio para exportaci?n. En el pa?s interna, acumulaci?n de capital domestica v?a tabaco, oro, y caf?, ayudo la econom?a aun m?s. La modernizaci?n de esos anos solt? fuerzas sociales que resulto en una clase nueva urbana de trabajadores. La aumentaci?n de trabajadores urbanos result? en menos trabajadores para la tierra. Tensiones aumentaron cuando las demandas de estos grupos no fueron discutiendo por la elite tradicional. Los electores urbanos favorec?an a los partidos que quer?an reformas sociales. Dos partidos pol?ticos exist?an: El Partido Conservador fue un grupo de moderados que quer?an mantener el estatus quo y un grupo de conservadores que favorec?an un cambio en la estructura social en que el gobierno era controlado por una elite manten?a control de todo. El otro grupo, m?s popular, fue moderados que apoyaba el estatus quo y algunos de reformistas que favorec?an cambio social controlado. Estas facciones representaron grupos diferentes socio-econ?micamente. In general, las reformistas representaron el nuevo grupo de capitalistas. Reaccionarios fueron principalmente latifundistas tradicionales. A la resulta del ?xito del Partido Liberal, muchos cambios empezaron, incluyendo reformas en la educaci?n, agricultura, sistema de impuestos, derechos para trabajadores, y separaci?n del estado y la Iglesia.
Como en el pasado, en la actualidad, Colombia ha sido afrontado con dificultades. Por la mayor?a de los 80s, Colombia era unos de los pa?ses que recib?a mas dinero del Banco Mundial, adem?s de la ayuda monetaria de los EEUU. Aunque este auxilio permit?a que Colombia mantener un nivel alto de desarrollo en comparaci?n con el resto del Latinoam?rica, su producci?n agrario todav?a era bajo. En 1986, una circunstancia raro ocurri? que hizo la econom?a de Colombia m?s prometedor. Un boom en producci?n de caf?, combinado con una cosecha mala en Brasil, y una aumentaci?n en precios internacionales resulto en una econom?a mas fuerte y estable. Sin embargo, la gente colombiano quiere diversificar la econom?a para reducir la dependencia en caf?, para que hacer la econom?a aun m?s fuerte. Otro problema que enfrenta Colombia es la exportaci?n de drogas. En la media de los 80s, el gobierno decidi? tomar una gran acci?n contra trafica de drogas en Colombia. Pero, se encontr? eso con resistencia violenta en parte de los traficantes de las drogas. La industria de drogas provee el pa?s con muchos trabajos y trae tanto dinero. Los traficantes de las drogas han matado a muchos oficiales p?blicos, la gente en la pol?tica, y jueces que trataron a parar la exportaci?n o producci?n de las drogas. El problema de drogas ha afectado a las personas que trataron de ganar las elecciones de la presidencia en que tiene miedo por sus vidas si hablan de las drogas. El principio de los 80?s trajo debilitaci?n de los Partidos Conservador y Liberal. Ellos no quer?an tener competici?n intensa y eso abri? el camino para el gobierno de hoy. Colombia es una republica y el presidente puede designar cualquier persona si es enfrentado con mucho oposici?n. Este periodo tambi?n reflejo una brecha grande entre la elite pol?tica y las demandas y preocupaciones de la gente com?n. Clases sociales fueron distinguidas por ocupaci?n, estilo de vida, ingreso, nivel de educaci?n, y poder. Entre las clases hay una distribuci?n desigual de riqueza que dejo la mayor?a de la gente en arreas rurales muy pobres, sufriendo de malnutrici?n y analfabetismo. Colombianos son muy conscientes de su estatus social porque es un aspecto importante de la vida y regula la interacci?n de grupos o individuales.
En conclusi?n, Colombia ha tenido una historia con problemas como los otros pa?ses en Latinoam?rica. Las ?pocas de la independencia, la crisis mundial, y la actualidad son ?pocas de cambios en su historia. Se puede ver los cambios en la econom?a, la pol?tica, y la estructura social del pa?s. Estos tres aspectos ayuda formar lo que Colombia es hoy.
Bibliography
TRABAJOS CITADOS
Blutstein, Howard I, et al. ?Colombia: Country Study?. Library of Congress, 1988. Online. lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/cotoc.html. 16 May, 2000.
?Colombia.? The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc, 1994.
317
Другие работы по теме:
Law Of Demand Essay Research Paper There
Law Of Demand Essay, Research Paper There are many different products that are in demand for teenagers today. Normally at different times there are different products that are high
Romeo An Juliet Essay Research Paper hi
Romeo An Juliet Essay, Research Paper hi i need an essay about a character in romeo and juliet that demonsrtated maturity. in a well developed multi pagraph essay and say why you think the character’s maturity was greater than the other characters in the play.
Pablo Escobar Essay Research Paper Pablo Escobar
Pablo Escobar Essay, Research Paper Pablo Escobar was a man of power and riches during his time in history. Escobar was listed as the seventh richest man in the world in 1989. Coming from Medellin, the second largest city in Colombia, Escobar started off as a small time gangster and a car thief. His small time crimes would never amount to what he was going to become.
Raul Leoni Essay Research Paper Ral Leoni
Raul Leoni Essay, Research Paper Ra?l Leoni naci? en Utapa (estado Bol?var), en 1905 y muri? en Nueva York en 1972. Ra?l Leoni fue abogado y pol?tico venezolano, fue electo presidente de la Rep?blica de Venezuela en 1964 hasta 1969. A los 16 a?os estuvo preso en la c?rcel de Rotunda por participar en la lucha estudiantil.
September 11 Essay Research Paper During the
September 11 Essay, Research Paper During the summer of tenth grade, I took a number theory course at Johns Hopkins University with students from Alaska, California, and Bogota, Colombia. My attendance of the New Jersey Governor’s School in the Sciences is another accomplishment that exemplifies my dedication to knowledge.
Oh Really Essay Research Paper Oh Reallyyou
Oh Really? Essay, Research Paper Oh Really, you think i am a lark, the dogs they run and bark, but when i say to them, shut up shut up shut up, you say to be nice to them,
The Colombia Plan Essay Research Paper Take
The Colombia Plan Essay, Research Paper Take a product, Coke; sell it around the world; make billions; and, you have a great corporation: Coca-Cola. Take a product, coke; sell it around the world; make billions; and, you have a horrible country: Colombia.
Earthquakes Essay Research Paper Colombian FearHave you
Earthquakes Essay, Research Paper Colombian Fear Have you ever lived through an earthquake? ?Earthquakes are among the most destructive and powerful forces in nature?(McNally 33). Just recently, people in Colombia lived and many died in an earthquake. This earthquake overwhelmed and literally shook up the people of Armenia.
Xerox Essay Research Paper COUNTRY ISSUESCulture Social
Xerox Essay, Research Paper COUNTRY ISSUES Culture, Social, and Demographics: When examining any company and their possible expansion into new markets you must first examine the culture, social, and demographic issues impacting foreign businesses. The Colombian culture has begun to show a bias towards American products as recently as 1998.
Shane Essay Research Paper Sometimes I need
Shane Essay, Research Paper Sometimes, I need you more than I need air And sometimes I miss you more than I will forever, never forget the times that we have shaared. The are priceless
Colombia 2 Essay Research Paper ColombiaThe distinguishing
Colombia 2 Essay, Research Paper Colombia The distinguishing topographical feature of Colombia is the Andes mountain chain. The Andes are situated in the central and western parts of the country and extend north south across almost the entire length of Colombia. The western two-fifths of the country lies in the highlands of the Andes.
Colombia Essay Research Paper Colombia is located
Colombia Essay, Research Paper Colombia is located in the northwestern part of South America. Colombia’s neighboring countries are Panama, Venezuela, Brazil, Peru, and Ecuador. It has coasts on both the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Their relations with these countries are very good because of the trading factor.
Colombia Essay Research Paper COLOMBIA GEOGRAPHY Colombia
Colombia Essay, Research Paper COLOMBIA GEOGRAPHY: Colombia stretches over approximately 1,140,000 sq. km, roughly equal to the area of Portugal, Spain, and France put together. Colombia occupies the northwestern end of South America, and is the only country there with coasts on both the Pacific (1350 km long), and the Atlantic (over 1600 km.) Three Andean ranges run north and south through the western half of the country (about 45% of the total territory.) The eastern part is a vast lowland which can be generally divided into two regions: a huge open savannah on the north, and the amazon in the south (400,000 sq. km approx.).Colombia is a country of geographical contrasts and extremes.
Poem Belong Essay Research Paper Where I
Poem: Belong Essay, Research Paper Where I belong I am weak, I am strong I will fit where I belong don’t know where it is for now but it will come, if I allow tomorrow, I start a brand new day
Eveline 2
Eveline — A Character Analysis Essay, Research Paper Eveline – Character Analysis There is no more miserable human being than one in whom nothing is habitual but indecision (James). Originally appearing in Dubliners, a compilation of vignettes by James Joyce, his short story Eveline is the tale of such an unfortunate individual.
Colombian Art Essay Research Paper It was
Colombian Art Essay, Research Paper It was not until the 1950?s that Colombian artist showed their artwork to the nation and their skill behind it. Colombian artist began to rise like Alejandro Obregon, Enrique Grau, Edgar Negret and Eduardo Ramirez Villamizar- began to take new direction in the Colombian art world and also had a major influence on it too.
Him Essay Research Paper I think about
Him Essay, Research Paper I think about him day and night The though won’t go away And, oh, how I would hold him tight every second of the day He is perfect, that is true, not an average me or you
Imperialism Essay Research Paper US IMPERIALISM AROUND
Imperialism Essay, Research Paper U.S. IMPERIALISM AROUND THE WORLD ESSAY Imperialism, the process of building empires by controlling the politics and the economics in other countries, was in full effect around the 19th century. Most world powers were using the idea of imperialism; particularly the United States.
Colombia Essay Research Paper Executive SummaryA pressing
Colombia Essay, Research Paper Executive Summary A pressing threat to the global, illegal drug trade has come directly from the country of Colombia. By 1990, drug cartels from the cities of Medellin and Cali had threatened to bring the country to a standstill. A new constitution came into effect in 1991, which provided greater judicial powers and strengthened government control.
The U
’wa People Essay, Research Paper The U’wa people strive in the cloud forests of Colombia, they are being threatened by an American based oil company Oxy (occidental) who are starting to invade the territory to drill. The U’wa are a
Earthquakes Essay Research Paper Major Earthquakes for
Earthquakes Essay, Research Paper Major Earthquakes for 60s and 70s. In the map have plotted the major earthquakes for the 60s and 70s. The major earthquake areas are in the area around the Pacific Ocean. Most of the earthquakes happened at these areas and for this reason they call it “Pacific Ring of Fire”.
Poem She Sat Essay Research Paper She
Poem: She Sat Essay, Research Paper She sat… helpless in her room praying to whatever god there may be to let her call to him. could god ignore such a painful cry?
Theodore Roosevelt Essay Research Paper Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Essay, Research Paper Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most successful presidents in the United States history. He achieved many goals in life. Some of these goals were as follows: 1) He won the Spanish-American War; 2) He won the Nobel Peace Prize; 3) He was the youngest president in United States history.
El Coronel No Tiene Quien Le Escriba
Essay, Research Paper El coronel no tiene quien le escriba A.Partes de una narraci?n. 1.El coronel no tiene quien le escriba. a.El significado del titule es de que hay un coronel en Colombia, que espera ansiosamente su pensi?n.
Ode To Boys Essay Research Paper We
Ode To Boys Essay, Research Paper We like them But do they like us The ones we do never fuss They don’t stop in And we wonder why We stress, we bitch We sometimes cry
Life Is Like Essay Research Paper Life
Life Is Like Essay, Research Paper Life is like a car. When it?s new, it usually works all right. As time drives by, it breaks down and needs repairs. Life is like a leaf. In its youth, it
Dare Essay Essay Research Paper What DARE
Dare Essay Essay, Research Paper What D.A.R.E Means To Me Dare has prepared me to say no to drugs in eight different ways. If anyone asks me to do drugs I will know what to do, such as- just ignoring the person or just
Money Money Essay Research Paper Farnaz FalsafiEnglish
Money, Money Essay, Research Paper Farnaz Falsafi English 210 12/7/1999 Money, Money, Money, Money Some people say that money is the root of all evil, but even so, it is realized that one cannot survive with out it. Money is a necessity, and most everyone can agree to the fact that financial security can make one?s life easier.