Born: 1620 in Eutin, Schleswig-Holstein, Denmark (now Germany)
Died: 14 Jan 1687 in Paris, France
Nicolaus Mercator entered the University of Rostock in 1632. He
received a degree in 1641, then went to Leiden for a short period. After his
return to Rostock in 1642 he was appointed to a post in the university.
In 1648 Nicolaus moved to the University of Copenhagen but, after
working there for six years, he had to leave when the university was closed due
to the plague. From this time on things were not too good for him.
He went to England in 1660 attempting to bring in some money and
did some private tutoring. He was recognised in England however since he was
elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1666. This was on the strength of a
pendulum clock which Mercator designed to work at sea and thus be used to
determine longitude. He also made measurements of air pressure for the Royal
Society.
In 1682 he moved to France, this time with a specific position,
namely to design the waterworks at Versailles.
While he was working at Copenhagen, Mercator published a number of
textbooks on spherical trigonometry, geography and astronomy. These were
Trigonometria sphaericorum logarithmica (1651), Cosmographia (1651), and
Astronomica sphaerica (1651). He published further works in astronomy while in
England, for example Hypothesis astronomia nova (1664) and Institutiones
astronomicae (1676).
Mercator discovered the well known series, sometimes called
Mercator's series,
ln(1+x) = x - x2/2 + x3/3 - x4/4
+ ...
He published this in Logarithmotechnia 1668. This series was also
investigated by Mengoli.
There is some reason to confuse Nicolaus Mercator with Gerardus
Mercator since Nicolaus also worked on Gerardus Mercator's map projection.
J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Список литературы
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