Alexis De Tocqueville Essay, Research Paper
Alexis Charles-Henri-Maurice Cl?rel de Tocqueville
En 1831 deux jeunes Fran?ais sont arriv? aux ?tats-Unis, sur un projet gouvernemental pour ?tudier le syst?me p?nal du pays. Tous les deux ?taient membres de la nobilit? fran?aise, de bons amis et tous parails. L’un etait Alexis de Tocqueville, et l’autre Gustave de Beaumont. La visite a produit le raport sur les prisons – un effort collabore. D’une maniere plus importante, cette visite a rendue un des meillures contes au sujet des premi?res ann?es des ?tats-Unis et la nature et la characteur de la d?mocratie. C’?tait intitul? “De la d?mocratie en Amerique” de Tocqueville. Il ?tait publi? en deux parties. La premi?re traitait surtout de la structure de la nation en 1835, et la deuxi?me sur les ?ffets de la d?mocratie sur la societ? et ses membres, cinq ans plus tard. La livre ?tait un success et a gagner pour l’auteur plusieurs honeurs: le “Legion of Honor” en 1837, il est devenu membre de “Academy of Moral and Political Sciences” et de “L’Academie Fran?aise en 1841.
Alexis Charles-Henri-Maurice Cl?rel de Tocqueville est n? ? Paris, le 29 Juillet 1805. Il ?tait un vrai Norman. Tocqueville, l’endroit de ch?teau qu’il a h?rit? et am?lior? est ? quelques miles de la c?te de la Normandie. Il ?tait d’une feuille c?l?bre: un descendant du fr?re de la St. Jeanne d’Arc, un parent de l’?crivain Romantique et voyageur Chateaubriand, et l’arri?re-petit0fils de Chr?tien de Malesherbes, conseilleur des rois Louis XV et Louis XVI. Il a pass? son enfance ? Verneuil, pr?t de paris, puisque la Normandie ?tant prefet et pair de la France. Alexis a suivi une carri?re en les services publique comme son p?re. Il a pr?vu la France devenant plus liberal en gouvernement et a poursuive les ?tudes du development politique de l’Angleterre, qu’il a visit?. En peu de temps il est d?venu ami avec plusieurs de ses chefs. Sa visite aux ?tats-Unis et ses ?critures de se pays ont aussi servis un but politique, puisque ses ?tudes l?-bas ?taient dirig?e vers l’apprentissage de la d?mocratie en France. La visite avait une autre but politique. La Revolution de Juillet 1830, qui a mit en pouvoir le group Orl?anist de Louis-Phlippe, a chass? du pouvoir les Bourbons, avec qui les Tocquevilles ?taient associ?s; cesi a vendu prudent la necessit? pour Alexis de ses l’?loigner de la sc?ne politique imm?diate. Le syst?me politieuq fran?ais de cette ?poque0la ?tait hectique se non chaotique.
N? peu apr?s le terreur de la revolution, il a pass? son adolescence pendant les aventures de napoleon et a vu la restoration de la monarchie sous les Bourbons, Louis XVIII et Charles X et leur renversement par l’Orl?anist Louis-Philippe. C’?tait suivi de la revolution de 1848 et l’?tablissement de la Deuxi?me Republique avec president Louis-Napoleon jusqu’a, par le coup d’?tat de 1851, il s’est nomme Napoleon III. Tocqueville a commenc? sa carri?re politique ? son retour en France de L’Amerique. Elle a dur? de 1839 sous la monarchie constitutionelle de Louis-Philippe et le leadership de l’historian Fran?ois Guizot jusqu’au coup d’?tat de Louis-Napoleon. Tocqueville a ?chou? dans son premi?re ?ssai d’?tre ?lu a la Chambre des D?puties, parce-qu’il a r?fus? de s’alli? au parti gouvernant. Mais il a gagner quand il a essay? une deuxi?me fois. Dans la Chambre, il n’?tait pas un d?put? populaire. Il ?tait petit et n’avait pas de bon style oratoire et il ?tait trop ind?pendant pour se m?ler aux compromis du gouvernement parlementaire, bien qu’il ?tait un excellent membre de comit? sur les issues comme l’?sclavage, le reformation des prisons et la politique colonial.
Il n’?tait pas d’accord avec la revolution populaire de 1841 qu’il avait predit. Les ann?es 1840 ont vu le commencement des pens?es socialist dans les oeuvres de Charles Fourier et de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Tocqueville a vu les demandes populaires pour le bien-?tre social et economique de gouvernement comme cause le d?pendance sur l’?tat et la mors de l’independance economique et de la libert? politique. Il a appuy? l’emploit des soldats pour controller le rebellion. Sa position politiquement s’est am?lior?e. Il a ?tait ?lu a l’Assembl?e par une plus grande majorit? qu’avant. Il ?tait membre du comit? qui a ?crit la constitution de la Deuxi?me R?publique et a servi comme vice-president de la Chambre. En 1849 il a gagner sa plus haute position politique – ministre des Affaires ?trang?res de Juin ? Octobre. ?a na pas dur? long-temps, parce-que Louis-Napoleon l’a d?mis de ses fonctions. Il est tomb? tr?s malade. Apr?s son gu?rison il a travaill? avec le comit? pour la revision constitutionelle, esp?rant avertir le confrontation final entre le presidence et la legislature, ces efforts ont ?chou? quand le president a saisi du pouvoir pour lui m?me, et a arr?t? 70 membres de l’opposition politique. Louis-Napoleon a demand? fid?lit? au membres de l’opposition; Tocqueville a refus?, et a ?t? d?pourvu de toutes offices politiques, et ?tait m?me emprisonn? pendant quelque temps. De ce temps ? sa mort, il vivait sous les ann?es autoritaires de la r?gne imp?riale. Emp?ch? de tenir une office politique – L’Ancien R?gime et la revolution. Ce livre exprimait les pens?es qu la situation avant ap?s la revolution ?tait presque la m?me. Tocqueville a gagner de la nouvelle c?l?brit? a cause de se livre et rencontr? le Prince Consort britannique en 1857.
Le livre de L’Ancien R?gime ?tait seulement un d’une s?ries sur la revolution qu’il ecrivait quand il est mort ? cannes le 16, avril 1859.
La r?putation de Tocqueville pour son travaille ?tait plus haute pendant sa vie et dans la d?ccenie imm?diatement apr?s sa mort. Apr?s ? en a fait peut d’attention ? son travaille, parce-que se pr?dictions du d?velopment de le d?mocratie ne se r?alisaient pas. Deux geurres mondiales, et la grande Depression du 20th ci?cle ont restor? l’appreciation pour son ouevre pour son analyse politique et sociale.
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